PAT-A-1053 Path of Equal Weight (30分)(dfs)

Given a non-empty tree with root R, and with weight W​i assigned to each tree node T​i. The weight of a path from R to L is defined to be the sum of the weights of all the nodes along the path from R to any leaf node L.

Now given any weighted tree, you are supposed to find all the paths with their weights equal to a given number. For example, let’s consider the tree showed in the following figure: for each node, the upper number is the node ID which is a two-digit number, and the lower number is the weight of that node. Suppose that the given number is 24, then there exists 4 different paths which have the same given weight: {10 5 2 7}, {10 4 10}, {10 3 3 6 2} and {10 3 3 6 2}, which correspond to the red edges in the figure.

Output Specification:
For each test case, print all the paths with weight S in non-increasing order. Each path occupies a line with printed weights from the root to the leaf in order. All the numbers must be separated by a space with no extra space at the end of the line.

Note:sequence {A ​1 ​​ ,A ​2 ​​ ,⋯,A ​n ​​ } is said to be greater than sequence {B ​1 ​​ ,B ​2 ​​ ,⋯,B ​m ​​ } if there exists 1≤k<min{n,m} such that A ​i ​​ =B ​i ​​ for i=1,⋯,k, and A ​k+1 ​​ >B ​k+1 ​​ .

Sample Input:
20 9 24
10 2 4 3 5 10 2 18 9 7 2 2 1 3 12 1 8 6 2 2
00 4 01 02 03 04
02 1 05
04 2 06 07
03 3 11 12 13
06 1 09
07 2 08 10
16 1 15
13 3 14 16 17
17 2 18 19
Sample Output:
10 5 2 7
10 4 10
10 3 3 6 2
10 3 3 6 2
dfs方法代码如下：

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std;
const int maxn=110;
struct node
{
    int weight;//结点重量
    vector<int> child;
}Node[maxn];
int n,m,W;//n为结点数，m为叶结点数，W为目标重量
int path[maxn];//记录路径
//index为结点编号，numNode为当前路径上的结点个数,sum当前的路径上结点权值之和
void DFS(int index,int numNode,int sum){
    if(sum>W){//当前和sum超过目标W，直接返回
        return;
    }
    if(sum==W){
        if(Node[index].child.size()!=0){
            return;//如果还没到叶子结点，直接返回
        }
        //到达叶子结点输出
        for(int i = 0 ; i < numNode ; i ++){
            printf("%d",Node[path[i]].weight);
            if(i<numNode-1){
                printf(" ");
            }else{
                printf("\n");
            }
        }
        return;
    }
    for(int i = 0 ; i < Node[index].child.size() ; i ++){
        int child=Node[index].child[i];//结点index的第i号子结点编号
        path[numNode]=child;//将结点child加到path末尾
        DFS(child,numNode+1,sum+Node[child].weight);
    }
}
bool cmp(int a,int b){
    return Node[a].weight>Node[b].weight;//按重量从大到小排序
}
int main(){
    scanf("%d%d%d",&n,&m,&W);
    for(int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++){
        scanf("%d",&Node[i].weight);
    }
    int parent ,child, k;
    for(int i = 0 ; i < m ; i ++){
        scanf("%d%d",&parent,&k);
        for(int j = 0 ; j < k ; j ++){
            scanf("%d",&child);
            Node[parent].child.push_back(child);
        }
        sort(Node[parent].child.begin(),Node[parent].child.end(),cmp);//对该parent结点的孩子结点按重量由大到小排序
    }
    DFS(0,1,Node[0].weight);
    // system("pause");
    return 0;
}