【设计模式】工厂方法模式 C++实现

一、概念

工厂方法模式（Factory Method）：定义一个用于创建对象的接口，让子类决定实例化哪一个类。工厂方法使一个类的实例化延迟到其子类。

二、简单工厂 VS 工厂方法

简单工厂的缺点：https://blog.csdn.net/yaodaoji/article/details/116920172
我们还是以计算器为例来分析，现在已经有了加减乘除运算，现在我们还想再加一个开根号运算，此时，我们需要在工厂类的case中再添加分支。我们修改了原来的类，这就违背了“开放 - 封闭原则”。所以这种模式不好。因此，为了避免这种缺点。我们又写了工厂方法模式。

三、代码

class Operation
{
public:
	double num_A = 0;
	double num_B = 0;

	virtual double Result() {
		double result = 0;
		cout << "I'm Operation::Result()；result = " << result << endl;
		return result;
	}
};

class Add : public Operation
{
public:
	double Result()
	{
		double result = 0;
		result = num_A + num_B;
		cout << "I'm Add::Result()" << endl;
		return result;
	}
};


class Sub : public Operation
{
public:
	double Result()
	{
		double result = 0;
		result = num_A - num_B;
		cout << "I'm Sub::Result()" << endl;
		return result;
	}
};

class Mul : public Operation
{
public:
	double Result()
	{
		double result = 0;
		result = num_A * num_B;
		cout << "I'm Mul::Result()" << endl;
		return result;
	}
};

class Div : public Operation
{
public:
	double Result()
	{
		double result = 0;
		if (0 == num_B)
		{
			cout << "除数为0" << endl;
			return -1;
		}
		else {
			result = num_A / num_B;
		}
		cout << "I'm Add::Result()" << endl;
		return result;
	}
};

/*----------------工厂方法模式-------------------------*/
class IFactory
{
	virtual  Operation * createOperation() = 0;
};

class AddFactory : public IFactory
{
public:
	static  Operation *createOperation()
	{
		return  new  Add();
	}
};

class  SubFactory : public  IFactory
{
public:
	static  Operation *createOperation()
	{
		return  new  Sub();
	}
};

class  MulFactory : public  IFactory
{
public:
	static  Operation *createOperation()
	{
		return  new  Mul();
	}
};

class  DivFactory : public  IFactory
{
public:
	static  Operation *createOperation()
	{
		return  new  Div();
	}
};
/*----------------工厂方法模式-------------------------*/

客户端代码：

int main()
{
	Operation *oper = MulFactory::createOperation();
	oper->num_A = 9;
	oper->num_B = 99;
	cout << oper->Result() << endl;
}

打印结果：