C++多线程detach函数使用

C++多线程和detach相对的函数有join，join的意思是父线程等待子线程结束，而detach的含义是主线程和子线程相互分离，互不干扰，这样看起来没什么问题，但是在某些条件下需要特别谨慎。

例如当子线程中有while循环时，如果主线程退出，进程结束，子线程也会退出，但是子线程中申请的资源不一定会释放。请看如下例子：

使用join

#include <iostream>
#include <thread> 
#include <windows.h>
#include <fstream>
void *childThread(void *arg); 
using namespace std;

class Resource {
public:
    Resource(int n) {
        this->n_ = n;       
        fstream outfile(".\\out.txt", ios::app);
        if (!outfile.is_open())
        {
            std::cout << "Can not open file" << std::endl;
        }
        outfile << "Create Resource." << endl;
        outfile.close();
    }
    virtual ~Resource() {
        fstream outfile(".\\out.txt", ios::app);
        if (!outfile.is_open())
        {
            std::cout << "Can not open file" << std::endl;
        }
        outfile << "free Resource." << endl;
        outfile.close();
    }
private:
    int n_;

};

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

    std::thread t1 = std::thread(childThread, nullptr);
    Sleep(1000);
    t1.join();
    return 0;
}

void *childThread(void *arg) {
    Resource r(5);
    while (true) {
       Sleep(60 * 1000);
    }
    return nullptr;

}

主线程一直等待子线程结束，而子线程是一个while循环，程序一直等待，正常。

使用detach

#include <iostream>
#include <thread> 
#include <windows.h>
#include <fstream>
void *childThread(void *arg); 
using namespace std;

class Resource {
public:
    Resource(int n) {
        this->n_ = n;       
        fstream outfile(".\\out.txt", ios::app);
        if (!outfile.is_open())
        {
            std::cout << "Can not open file" << std::endl;
        }
        outfile << "Create Resource." << endl;
        outfile.close();
    }
    virtual ~Resource() {
        fstream outfile(".\\out.txt", ios::app);
        if (!outfile.is_open())
        {
            std::cout << "Can not open file" << std::endl;
        }
        outfile << "free Resource." << endl;
        outfile.close();
    }
private:
    int n_;

};

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

    std::thread t1 = std::thread(childThread, nullptr);
    Sleep(1000);
    t1.detach();
    return 0;
}

void *childThread(void *arg) {
    Resource r(5);
    while (true) {
       Sleep(60 * 1000);
    }
    return nullptr;

}

请看使用detach后，进程可以退出，不会卡住，但是out.txe文件中只有"Create Resource."没有 "free Resource."，说明定义的变量r没有析构，可能存在资源未释放的情况。

代码稍加修改如下：

#include <iostream>
#include <thread> 
#include <windows.h>
#include <fstream>
void *childThread(void *arg); 
using namespace std;

class Resource {
public:
    Resource(int n) {
        this->n_ = n;       
        fstream outfile(".\\out.txt", ios::app);
        if (!outfile.is_open())
        {
            std::cout << "Can not open file" << std::endl;
        }
        outfile << "Create Resource." << endl;
        outfile.close();
    }
    virtual ~Resource() {
        fstream outfile(".\\out.txt", ios::app);
        if (!outfile.is_open())
        {
            std::cout << "Can not open file" << std::endl;
        }
        outfile << "free Resource." << endl;
        outfile.close();
    }
private:
    int n_;

};

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

    std::thread t1 = std::thread(childThread, nullptr);
    Sleep(5000);
    t1.detach();
    return 0;
}

void *childThread(void *arg) {
    Resource r(5);
    Sleep(3000);
    return nullptr;

}

因为子线程sleep3秒，主线程sleep 5秒，所以定义的变量r的构造和析构打印都有，简言之，用detach需要特别谨慎，避免有资源未释放情况发生。