揭秘依赖注入：软件开发人员的基本指南

Dependency injection (DI) is a design pattern and programming technique to manage dependencies between different components.
依赖注入（DI）是一种用于管理不同组件之间依赖关系的设计模式和编程技术。

In DI, the dependencies of a class or other dependent component are constructed and provided from outside (injected) rather that begin created by depended component.
在 DI 中，类或其他依赖组件的依赖关系是从外部构造和提供（注入）的，而不是由依赖组件开始创建的。

Understanding dependency injection is key to following the dependency inversion principle.
了解依赖注入是遵循依赖倒置原则的关键。

Core components 核心部件

The three main components of Dependency Injection are:
依赖注入的三个主要组成部分是：

1. Dependency: A dependency is an object or service that another class relies on to perform its tasks. It represents a contract or interface that defines the required functionality.
   依赖关系：依赖关系是另一个类依赖于执行其任务的对象或服务。它代表定义所需功能的契约或接口。
2. Client: The dependent class, also known as the client class, is the class that relies on dependency to fulfill its functionality. It typically declares a dependency through constructor parameters, setter methods, or interface contracts.
   客户端：依赖类，也称为客户端类，是依赖依赖来实现其功能的类。它通常通过构造函数参数、setter 方法或接口契约来声明依赖关系。
3. Injector: The injector (aka container, assembler, factory) is responsible for creating and managing the dependencies and injecting them into the dependent class (client). The injector can be a framework or container provided by a DI library, or it can be a custom implementation.
   注入器：注入器（又名容器、汇编器、工厂）负责创建和管理依赖项并将它们注入到依赖类（客户端）中。注入器可以是 DI 库提供的框架或容器，也可以是自定义实现。

These three components work together to enable the benefits of DI, such as loose coupling, modularity, testability, and flexibility.
这三个组件协同工作以实现 DI 的优势，例如松散耦合、模块化、可测试性和灵活性。

The dependent class relies on the injector or container to provide the required dependencies, and the dependencies themselves are defined as contracts or interfaces, allowing for interchangeable implementations. This separation of concerns and inversion of control leads to more maintainable and scalable code.
依赖类依赖于注入器或容器来提供所需的依赖项，并且依赖项本身被定义为契约或接口，从而允许可互换的实现。这种关注点分离和控制反转导致代码更易于维护和扩展。

Implementation 执行

As an example, let’s consider two classes: Engine and Car.
作为示例，让我们考虑两个类：Engine 和 Car。

To construct an instance of the Car class, we need an appropriate Engine object.
为了构造 Car 类的实例，我们需要一个适当的 Engine 对象。