docker安装mysql

参考文章:https://www.runoob.com/docker/docker-install-mysql.html
参考文章:https://blog.csdn.net/BThinker/article/details/123471514
系统环境:
腾讯云
Ubuntu22.04-Docker24-ZVGG
广州 | 广州六区
入门型
CPU - 2核 内存 - 4GB
系统盘 - SSD云硬盘 60GiB
流量包 - 500GB/月（带宽：5Mbps)
镜像:
Ubuntu22.04-Docker24
Docker基础镜像
Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS 64bit
费用：165第一年，后面740/年。(估计我用1年就重新找优惠买)

下载镜像

首先，到docker hub中查看可选择mysql的版本信息以及对应的拉取语句。

或者使用docker search mysql 查询可使用版本

lighthouse@VM-20-14-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker search mysql
NAME                            DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                           MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   14961     [OK]       
mariadb                         MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   5709      [OK]       
percona                         Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati…   165       [OK]       
phpmyadmin                      phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M…   227       [OK]       
bitnami/mysql                   Bitnami MySQL Docker Image                      110                  [OK]
bitnami/mysqld-exporter                                                         6                    
cimg/mysql                                                                      3                    
ubuntu/mysql                    MySQL open source fast, stable, multi-thread…   61                   
rapidfort/mysql                 RapidFort optimized, hardened image for MySQL   25                   
rapidfort/mysql8-ib             RapidFort optimized, hardened image for MySQ…   9                    
google/mysql                    MySQL server for Google Compute Engine          25                   [OK]
bitnamicharts/mysql                                                             0                    
elestio/mysql                   Mysql, verified and packaged by Elestio         0                    
rapidfort/mysql-official        RapidFort optimized, hardened image for MySQ…   9                    
hashicorp/mysql-portworx-demo                                                   0                    
databack/mysql-backup           Back up mysql databases to... anywhere!         111                  
linuxserver/mysql               A Mysql container, brought to you by LinuxSe…   41                   
mirantis/mysql                                                                  0                    
docksal/mysql                   MySQL service images for Docksal - https://d…   0                    
linuxserver/mysql-workbench                                                     55                   
vitess/mysqlctld                vitess/mysqlctld                                1                    [OK]
eclipse/mysql                   Mysql 5.7, curl, rsync                          1                    [OK]
drupalci/mysql-5.5              https://www.drupal.org/project/drupalci         3                    [OK]
drupalci/mysql-5.7              https://www.drupal.org/project/drupalci         0                    
datajoint/mysql                 MySQL image pre-configured to work smoothly …   2                    [OK]
lighthouse@VM-20-14-ubuntu:~$ 

这里我选择使用8.3.0的mysql(拍脑袋选的)

lighthouse@VM-20-14-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker pull mysql:8.3.0
8.3.0: Pulling from library/mysql
9a5c778f631f: Pull complete 
9e77c3a95bf2: Pull complete 
8b279a2086e0: Pull complete 
c8bfbcde7882: Pull complete 
d35b074b68ec: Pull complete 
beea5014e6af: Pull complete 
dc3791a61558: Pull complete 
52f9323b9f0e: Pull complete 
7f7391eab49b: Pull complete 
8d2f04b287ee: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:9d1c923e5f66a89607285ee2641f8a53430a1ccd5e4a62b35eb8a48b74b9ff48
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:8.3.0
docker.io/library/mysql:8.3.0
lighthouse@VM-20-14-ubuntu:~$ docker search mysql

查看本地镜像信息

lighthouse@VM-20-14-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
mysql        8.3.0     019814493c7a   2 months ago   632MB

创建运行

参考文章:https://juejin.cn/post/6883656638146805767
参考文章:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44000070/article/details/121560921
下面先创建一个新的 Docker 网络，多个容器链接到同一个bridge上面，从而通过containerName:port通信。

docker network create -d bridge my-net

-d参数指定 Docker 网络类型，有bridge ，overlay。其中overlay网络类型用于 Swarm mode。

使用docker network ls查看已有网络。

lighthouse@VM-20-14-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME      DRIVER    SCOPE
55b1ad248473   bridge    bridge    local
3a281b8c85a6   host      host      local
c9ace923363d   my-net    bridge    local
aab2f4380e3c   none      null      local
lighthouse@VM-20-14-ubuntu:~$ 

使用docker inspect my-net查看该bridge信息。
使用docker network connect [NetworkName] [Containers]连接已有容器
测试通信(在任意同一网络中的容器)

root@d0bace7909cf:/# ping mysql
PING mysql (172.18.0.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from mysql.my-net (172.18.0.3): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.451 ms
64 bytes from mysql.my-net (172.18.0.3): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.086 ms
64 bytes from mysql.my-net (172.18.0.3): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.107 ms
64 bytes from mysql.my-net (172.18.0.3): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.101 ms
64 bytes from mysql.my-net (172.18.0.3): icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.105 ms
64 bytes from mysql.my-net (172.18.0.3): icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.097 ms

运行容器创建

docker run -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai --name mysql -d -p 33406:3306 --restart unless-stopped --network my-net -v /home/melody/项目工程/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql	-v /home/melody/项目工程/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql	 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:8.3.0

参数解释

命令	描述
docker run	创建一个新的容器 , 同时运行这个容器
–name mysql	启动容器的名字
-d	后台运行
-p 33406:3306	将容器的 3306 (后面那个) 端口映射到主机的 3306 (前面那个) 端口
–restart unless-stopped	容器重启策略
–network my-net	容器重启策略
-v /mydata/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql	将日志文件夹挂载到主机
-v /mydata/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql	将mysql储存文件夹挂载到主机
-v /mydata/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql	将配置文件夹挂载到主机
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root	设置 root 用户的密码
mysql:8.3.0	启动哪个版本的 mysql (本地镜像的版本)
\	shell 命令换行符

注意 : 命令中所有 冒号 前面的是主机配置 , 冒号 后面的是mysql容器配置 。
–restart unless-stopped : 在docker重启时重启当前容器。但不包含docker重启时已停止的容器。
如果是要自定义config，需要先将原来的config文件从容器中导出，然后修改后在挂载。不能直接空文件夹挂载。

查看Mysql是否运行

使用docker ps参看正在运行的容器中是否有mysql的

lighthouse@VM-20-14-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                                  NAMES
48669adfa49d   mysql:8.3.0   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   20 seconds ago   Up 19 seconds   0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql
lighthouse@VM-20-14-ubuntu:~$ 

本机可以通过 root 和密码 123456 访问 MySQL 服务。
首先进入容器中

docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash

登陆mysqlmysql -h localhost -u root -p

lighthouse@VM-20-14-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash
bash-4.4# mysql -h localhost -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.3.0 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

关闭root远程登陆

直接使用root用户远程访问的话容易有爆破的风险(测试时候弄了个，然后被爆破了)
收到以下信息

All your data is backed up. You must pay 0.0121 BTC to 1tpwVPxbRNtQuzKonhzdEsJL8n562uwAr In 48 hours, your data will be publicly disclosed and deleted. (more information: go to http://iplis.ru/data02)

还好是空的，不过删除之前的所有数据后，重新创建容器，修改的端口号，同时按照下面把root的远程登陆关闭。这样就不用管root的密码了。

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select host,user from  user ;
+-----------+------------------+
| host      | user             |
+-----------+------------------+
| %         | root             |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema |
| localhost | mysql.session    |
| localhost | mysql.sys        |
| localhost | root             |
+-----------+------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from user where user = "root" and host="%";
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select host,user from  user ;
+-----------+------------------+
| host      | user             |
+-----------+------------------+
| localhost | mysql.infoschema |
| localhost | mysql.session    |
| localhost | mysql.sys        |
| localhost | root             |
+-----------+------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye
bash-4.4# exit
exit
lighthouse@VM-20-14-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker restart mysql
mysql
lighthouse@VM-20-14-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash
bash-4.4#  use mysql;
bash: use: command not found
bash-4.4# mysql -h localhost -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.3.0 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select host,user from  user ;
+-----------+------------------+
| host      | user             |
+-----------+------------------+
| localhost | mysql.infoschema |
| localhost | mysql.session    |
| localhost | mysql.sys        |
| localhost | root             |
+-----------+------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

创建一个可以远程访问的root级别的用户

// 创建用户
mysql> CREATE USER 'newuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';  // 把%换成localhost为本地账户
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

// 授予权限
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'newuser'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;  // WITH GRANT OPTION表示该用户可以将自己的权限授予其他用户
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)