Docker容器嵌入式开发：Docker Ubuntu18.04配置mysql数据库

在 Ubuntu 18.04 操作系统中安装 MySQL 数据库的过程。下面是安装过程的详细描述：

首先，使用以下命令安装 MySQL 服务器：

sudo apt install mysql-server

系统会提示是否继续安装，按下 Y 键确认。

安装过程中，系统会下载并安装 MySQL 相关的软件包，包括 libaio1、mysql-client-5.7、mysql-client-core-5.7、mysql-server-core-5.7、psmisc、libevent-core-2.1-6、mysql-server-5.7 和 libhtml-template-perl 等。

安装过程中可能会出现 Perl 警告，关于语言环境的设置失败，但不影响 MySQL 的安装过程。

安装完成后，MySQL 服务器将自动启动。可以使用以下命令检查 MySQL 服务器的状态：

sudo systemctl status mysql

或者

sudo service mysql status

如果 MySQL 服务器正在运行，则会显示 MySQL is running。如果 MySQL 服务器未启动，则会显示 MySQL is stopped。

如果 MySQL 服务器未启动，可以使用以下命令启动 MySQL 服务器：

sudo service mysql start

为了确保 MySQL 服务器在系统启动时自动启动，可以使用以下命令启用 MySQL 服务器的自动启动：

sudo systemctl enable mysql

如果在安装过程中出现了语言环境的警告，可以使用以下命令安装英文语言包并设置默认语言环境为英文：

sudo apt install language-pack-en
sudo update-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8

通过以上步骤，你可以在 Ubuntu 18.04 操作系统中安装并启动 MySQL 数据库服务器，并确保在系统重启时自动启动。

操作记录如下：

sudo apt install mysql-server
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  gyp libjs-async libjs-inherits libjs-node-uuid libjs-underscore libuv1-dev node-abbrev node-ansi node-ansi-color-table node-archy node-async node-balanced-match node-block-stream
  node-brace-expansion node-builtin-modules node-combined-stream node-concat-map node-cookie-jar node-delayed-stream node-forever-agent node-form-data node-fs.realpath node-fstream
  node-fstream-ignore node-github-url-from-git node-glob node-graceful-fs node-hosted-git-info node-inflight node-inherits node-ini node-is-builtin-module node-isexe
  node-json-stringify-safe node-lockfile node-lru-cache node-mime node-minimatch node-mkdirp node-mute-stream node-node-uuid node-nopt node-normalize-package-data node-npmlog node-once
  node-osenv node-path-is-absolute node-pseudomap node-qs node-read node-read-package-json node-request node-retry node-rimraf node-semver node-sha node-slide node-spdx-correct
  node-spdx-expression-parse node-spdx-license-ids node-tar node-tunnel-agent node-underscore node-validate-npm-package-license node-which node-wrappy node-yallist
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libaio1 libevent-core-2.1-6 libhtml-template-perl mysql-client-5.7 mysql-client-core-5.7 mysql-server-5.7 mysql-server-core-5.7 psmisc
Suggested packages:
  libipc-sharedcache-perl mailx tinyca
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libaio1 libevent-core-2.1-6 libhtml-template-perl mysql-client-5.7 mysql-client-core-5.7 mysql-server mysql-server-5.7 mysql-server-core-5.7 psmisc
0 upgraded, 9 newly installed, 0 to remove and 99 not upgraded.
Need to get 19.5 MB of archives.
After this operation, 156 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libaio1 amd64 0.3.110-5ubuntu0.1 [6476 B]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 mysql-client-core-5.7 amd64 5.7.42-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 [6752 kB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 mysql-client-5.7 amd64 5.7.42-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 [2028 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 mysql-server-core-5.7 amd64 5.7.42-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 [7542 kB]
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 psmisc amd64 23.1-1ubuntu0.1 [52.5 kB]
Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libevent-core-2.1-6 amd64 2.1.8-stable-4build1 [85.9 kB]
Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 mysql-server-5.7 amd64 5.7.42-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 [3011 kB]
Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libhtml-template-perl all 2.97-1 [59.0 kB]
Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 mysql-server all 5.7.42-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 [9944 B]
Fetched 19.5 MB in 5s (3766 kB/s)
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
        LANGUAGE = (unset),
        LC_ALL = (unset),
        LANG = "en_US.UTF-8"
    are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
debconf: delaying package configuration, since apt-utils is not installed
Selecting previously unselected package libaio1:amd64.
(Reading database ... 124808 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../0-libaio1_0.3.110-5ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libaio1:amd64 (0.3.110-5ubuntu0.1) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../1-mysql-client-core-5.7_5.7.42-0ubuntu0.18.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-client-core-5.7 (5.7.42-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-client-5.7.
Preparing to unpack .../2-mysql-client-5.7_5.7.42-0ubuntu0.18.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-client-5.7 (5.7.42-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...
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Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server-5.7.
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locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
Unpacking mysql-server-5.7 (5.7.42-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libhtml-template-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../7-libhtml-template-perl_2.97-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking libhtml-template-perl (2.97-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server.
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Unpacking mysql-server (5.7.42-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...
Setting up libevent-core-2.1-6:amd64 (2.1.8-stable-4build1) ...
Setting up psmisc (23.1-1ubuntu0.1) ...
Setting up libhtml-template-perl (2.97-1) ...
Setting up libaio1:amd64 (0.3.110-5ubuntu0.1) ...
Setting up mysql-client-core-5.7 (5.7.42-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...
Setting up mysql-server-core-5.7 (5.7.42-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...
Setting up mysql-client-5.7 (5.7.42-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...
Setting up mysql-server-5.7 (5.7.42-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...
locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
invoke-rc.d: could not determine current runlevel
invoke-rc.d: policy-rc.d denied execution of stop.
update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode
Renaming removed key_buffer and myisam-recover options (if present)
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysql.service → /lib/systemd/system/mysql.service.
invoke-rc.d: could not determine current runlevel
invoke-rc.d: policy-rc.d denied execution of start.
Setting up mysql-server (5.7.42-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (237-3ubuntu10.57) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2ubuntu0.1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1.6) ...
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(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# apt update
Get:1 file:/var/nv-tensorrt-repo-ubuntu1804-cuda11.1-trt7.2.3.4-ga-20210226  InRelease
Ign:1 file:/var/nv-tensorrt-repo-ubuntu1804-cuda11.1-trt7.2.3.4-ga-20210226  InRelease
Get:2 file:/var/nv-tensorrt-repo-ubuntu1804-cuda11.1-trt7.2.3.4-ga-20210226  Release [569 B]
Get:2 file:/var/nv-tensorrt-repo-ubuntu1804-cuda11.1-trt7.2.3.4-ga-20210226  Release [569 B]
Hit:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease                                                                                          
Hit:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease                                                                                                    
Hit:5 http://ppa.launchpad.net/deadsnakes/ppa/ubuntu bionic InRelease                                                                
Hit:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease                                                                      
Get:7 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ethereum/ethereum/ubuntu bionic InRelease [15.4 kB]                                                                            
Hit:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease                                                                                                                            
Hit:12 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-toolchain-r/test/ubuntu bionic InRelease                                                                          
Hit:13 https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian stable InRelease                                                                                    
Hit:9 https://developer.download.nvidia.cn/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1804/x86_64  InRelease                   
Ign:11 https://developer.download.nvidia.cn/compute/machine-learning/repos/ubuntu1804/x86_64  InRelease
Hit:14 https://developer.download.nvidia.cn/compute/machine-learning/repos/ubuntu1804/x86_64  Release
Hit:16 https://apt.llvm.org/xenial llvm-toolchain-xenial-8 InRelease                                                                                                                          
Err:17 http://dist.carla.org/carla bionic InRelease                                                                                                                                           
  Could not connect to dist.carla.org:80 (34.227.255.250), connection timed out
Fetched 15.4 kB in 36s (429 B/s)                  
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
99 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
W: Failed to fetch http://dist.carla.org/carla/dists/bionic/InRelease  Could not connect to dist.carla.org:80 (34.227.255.250), connection timed out
W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# sudo systemctl status mysql
System has not been booted with systemd as init system (PID 1). Can't operate.
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# sudo systemctl status mysql
System has not been booted with systemd as init system (PID 1). Can't operate.
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# 
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# 
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# 
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# 
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# 
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# 
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# 
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# 
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# 
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# 
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# 
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# 
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# sudo systemctl status mysql
System has not been booted with systemd as init system (PID 1). Can't operate.
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# sudo service mysql status
 * MySQL is stopped.
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# sudo systemctl status mysql
System has not been booted with systemd as init system (PID 1). Can't operate.
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# sudo service mysql status
 * MySQL is stopped.
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# sudo service mysql start
 * Starting MySQL database server mysqld                                                                                                                                                       No directory, logging in with HOME=/
                                                                                                                                                                                        [ OK ]
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# sudo systemctl enable mysql
Synchronizing state of mysql.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable mysql
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
        LANGUAGE = (unset),
        LC_ALL = (unset),
        LANG = "en_US.UTF-8"
    are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
        LANGUAGE = (unset),
        LC_ALL = (unset),
        LANG = "en_US.UTF-8"
    are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# sudo systemctl enable mysql
Synchronizing state of mysql.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable mysql
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
        LANGUAGE = (unset),
        LC_ALL = (unset),
        LANG = "en_US.UTF-8"
    are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
        LANGUAGE = (unset),
        LC_ALL = (unset),
        LANG = "en_US.UTF-8"
    are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# sudo service mysql start
 * Starting MySQL database server mysqld                                                                                                                                                [ OK ] 
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# sudo apt install language-pack-en
le LANG=en_US.UTF-8
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  gyp libjs-async libjs-inherits libjs-node-uuid libjs-underscore libuv1-dev node-abbrev node-ansi node-ansi-color-table node-archy node-async node-balanced-match node-block-stream
  node-brace-expansion node-builtin-modules node-combined-stream node-concat-map node-cookie-jar node-delayed-stream node-forever-agent node-form-data node-fs.realpath node-fstream
  node-fstream-ignore node-github-url-from-git node-glob node-graceful-fs node-hosted-git-info node-inflight node-inherits node-ini node-is-builtin-module node-isexe
  node-json-stringify-safe node-lockfile node-lru-cache node-mime node-minimatch node-mkdirp node-mute-stream node-node-uuid node-nopt node-normalize-package-data node-npmlog node-once
  node-osenv node-path-is-absolute node-pseudomap node-qs node-read node-read-package-json node-request node-retry node-rimraf node-semver node-sha node-slide node-spdx-correct
  node-spdx-expression-parse node-spdx-license-ids node-tar node-tunnel-agent node-underscore node-validate-npm-package-license node-which node-wrappy node-yallist
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
  language-pack-en-base locales
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  language-pack-en language-pack-en-base locales
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 99 not upgraded.
Need to get 4282 kB of archives.
After this operation, 20.5 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Abort.
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# sudo apt install language-pack-en
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  gyp libjs-async libjs-inherits libjs-node-uuid libjs-underscore libuv1-dev node-abbrev node-ansi node-ansi-color-table node-archy node-async node-balanced-match node-block-stream
  node-brace-expansion node-builtin-modules node-combined-stream node-concat-map node-cookie-jar node-delayed-stream node-forever-agent node-form-data node-fs.realpath node-fstream
  node-fstream-ignore node-github-url-from-git node-glob node-graceful-fs node-hosted-git-info node-inflight node-inherits node-ini node-is-builtin-module node-isexe
  node-json-stringify-safe node-lockfile node-lru-cache node-mime node-minimatch node-mkdirp node-mute-stream node-node-uuid node-nopt node-normalize-package-data node-npmlog node-once
  node-osenv node-path-is-absolute node-pseudomap node-qs node-read node-read-package-json node-request node-retry node-rimraf node-semver node-sha node-slide node-spdx-correct
  node-spdx-expression-parse node-spdx-license-ids node-tar node-tunnel-agent node-underscore node-validate-npm-package-license node-which node-wrappy node-yallist
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
  language-pack-en-base locales
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  language-pack-en language-pack-en-base locales
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 99 not upgraded.
Need to get 4282 kB of archives.
After this operation, 20.5 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 locales all 2.27-3ubuntu1.6 [3613 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 language-pack-en-base all 1:18.04+20180712 [419 kB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 language-pack-en all 1:18.04+20190718 [250 kB]
Fetched 4282 kB in 4s (1067 kB/s)        
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
        LANGUAGE = (unset),
        LC_ALL = (unset),
        LANG = "en_US.UTF-8"
    are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
debconf: delaying package configuration, since apt-utils is not installed
Selecting previously unselected package locales.
(Reading database ... 125087 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../locales_2.27-3ubuntu1.6_all.deb ...
Unpacking locales (2.27-3ubuntu1.6) ...
Selecting previously unselected package language-pack-en-base.
Preparing to unpack .../language-pack-en-base_1%3a18.04+20180712_all.deb ...
Unpacking language-pack-en-base (1:18.04+20180712) ...
Selecting previously unselected package language-pack-en.
Preparing to unpack .../language-pack-en_1%3a18.04+20190718_all.deb ...
Unpacking language-pack-en (1:18.04+20190718) ...
Replacing files in old package language-pack-en-base (1:18.04+20180712) ...
Setting up locales (2.27-3ubuntu1.6) ...
Generating locales (this might take a while)...
  en_AG.UTF-8... done
  en_AU.UTF-8... done
  en_BW.UTF-8... done
  en_CA.UTF-8... done
  en_DK.UTF-8... done
  en_GB.UTF-8... done
  en_HK.UTF-8... done
  en_IE.UTF-8... done
  en_IL.UTF-8... done
  en_IN.UTF-8... done
  en_NG.UTF-8... done
  en_NZ.UTF-8... done
  en_PH.UTF-8... done
  en_SG.UTF-8... done
  en_US.UTF-8... done
  en_ZA.UTF-8... done
  en_ZM.UTF-8... done
  en_ZW.UTF-8... done
Generation complete.
Setting up language-pack-en (1:18.04+20190718) ...
Setting up language-pack-en-base (1:18.04+20180712) ...
Generating locales (this might take a while)...
Generation complete.
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2ubuntu0.1) ...
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# sudo update-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# sudo systemctl enable mysql
Synchronizing state of mysql.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable mysql
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# sudo systemctl enable mysql
Synchronizing state of mysql.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable mysql
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# sudo service mysql status
 * /usr/bin/mysqladmin  Ver 8.42 Distrib 5.7.42, for Linux on x86_64
Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Server version          5.7.42-0ubuntu0.18.04.1
Protocol version        10
Connection              Localhost via UNIX socket
UNIX socket             /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
Uptime:                 3 min 39 sec

Threads: 1  Questions: 10  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 106  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 99  Queries per second avg: 0.045
(tfv1) root@98031e181845:/data/myapp2024/myBigDataApplicationDevelopment# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 17
Server version: 5.7.42-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 (Ubuntu)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 
mysql> 
mysql> 
mysql> 
mysql> 
mysql> ls
    -> 
    -> SHOW DATABASES;


mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>