画图: Python画矩形框

实际效果：

 

 1. 核心函数：patches.Rectangle()

     参数分别是：左下角顶点坐标，width即向右，height即向上，facecolor='none'会只有框，本身                             没颜色

2. 我要画多个矩形

直接currentAxis.add_patch(rect)，最后plt.show()

3. 设置坐标轴刻度范围：plt.xticks(range(155000,245000,3000),range(155,245,3))

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.patches as patches                
                x = np.arange(155000,245000)
                sample = val_data[6,:,0].numpy()
                plt.figure()
                plt.plot(x,sample)
                currentAxis = plt.gca()
                num = begin # 155000
                for kk in label_1:
                    if int(kk) == 1:
                        rect = patches.Rectangle((num,0),1000,0.01,linestyle = 'dotted',edgecolor = 'r',facecolor = 'none')
                    else:
                        rect = patches.Rectangle((num,0),1000,0.005,linestyle = 'dotted',edgecolor = 'g',facecolor = 'none')
                    currentAxis.add_patch(rect)
                    num += 1000
                plt.xlabel('f(Hz)')
                plt.ylabel('Amplitude(V)')
                plt.xticks(range(155000,245000,3000),range(155,245,3)) # 设置坐标刻度，前面是刻度实际宽度，后面是显示出来的文字
                plt.show()

4. 图例+坐标轴+刻度值  字体和大小的调整

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import math

x = np.arange(0,1,0.001)
y = x
y1 = [2/(1+math.sqrt(1+8*0.8/(i**2))) for i in x]
y2 = [2/(1+math.sqrt(1+8*0.02/(i**2))) for i in x]
y3 = [2/(1+math.sqrt(1+8*0.005/(i**2))) for i in x]

loc1,loc2 = 0,0
for i in range(len(x)):
    if y2[i]<y[i] and loc1==0:
        loc1 = i
    if y3[i]<y[i] and loc2 == 0:
        loc2 = i
    if loc1!=0 and loc2!=0:
        break


# 1.上标^,下标_,需要的时候用美元符号$括起来即可
# 2.设置图例 plt.plot(x,y,label='y')
#         plt.legend()

# 3. 设置图例的字体和大小
# font1 = {'family':'Times New Roman','weight':'normal','size':17}
# plt.legend(prop = font1)

# 4. 同理，设置坐标轴文字的字体和大小
# plt.xlabel('D$_1$',font1)


# 5. 设置刻度值的大小
# plt.tick_params('x',labelsize = 12) 如果前面不写'x'，那么默认是所有坐标轴

# 6. 设置刻度值的字体
# fig,axes = plt.subplots()
# x_kedu = axes.get_xticklabels()
# [i.set_fontname('Times New Roman') for i in x_kedu]
# y_kedu = axes.get_yticklabels()
# [i.set_fontname('Times New Roman') for i in y_kedu]

fig,axes = plt.subplots() # 主要利用axes设置刻度值字体

''' 如果有了axes,那么下面就可以有另一种画图代码了 '''
# axes.plot(x,y,'r',label = 'M=D$_1$')
# axes.plot(x,y1,'b-',label = 'τ$_L$=0.8')
# axes.plot(x[0:loc1],y2[0:loc1],'g-',label = 'τ$_L$=0.02')
# axes.plot(x[0:loc2],y3[0:loc2],label = 'τ$_L$=0.005')
plt.plot(x,y,'r',label = 'M=D$_1$')
plt.plot(x,y1,'b-',label = 'τ$_L$=0.8')
plt.plot(x[0:loc1],y2[0:loc1],'g-',label = 'τ$_L$=0.02')
plt.plot(x[0:loc2],y3[0:loc2],label = 'τ$_L$=0.005')

font1 = {'family':'Times New Roman','weight':'normal','size':17}
# axes.legend(prop = font1)
plt.legend(prop = font1)

# axes.set_xlabel('D$_1$',font1)
# axes.set_ylabel('M',font1)
plt.xlabel('D$_1$',font1)
plt.ylabel('M',font1)


plt.tick_params(labelsize = 12)
x_kedu = axes.get_xticklabels()
[i.set_fontname('Times New Roman') for i in x_kedu]
y_kedu = axes.get_yticklabels()
[i.set_fontname('Times New Roman') for i in y_kedu]
plt.show()

5. 绘制茎叶图（杆图）plt.stem()

x = [1,2,3]
y = [4,5,6]
plt.stem(x,y)
plt.show()

6. 三维散点图，颜色代表数值大小

画图技巧：若一个图太密，可视化后不好看，就采样可视化

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection="3d")
ax.set_xlabel("Lat")
ax.set_ylabel("Long")
ax.set_zlabel("Height")
x=  [1,2,3,4]
y = [8,6,3,5]
z = [4,6,2,3]
density = [9,5,2,7]
ax.scatter(x, y, z, c=density)
plt.show()
plt.savefig(f'./{a}.png')