【构】游戏中Update的原则

更新是架构里面非常重要的一部分，必须要深入了解透彻才可以。
先放上Unity的更新神图。

上面的图是Unity的更新，其掩盖了一般游戏的更新逻辑，下面放上一个游戏MainLoop的一般逻辑。
http://entropyinteractive.com/2011/02/game-engine-design-the-game-loop/
总体来说归结到以下几个部分。

一个最简单的更新

public abstract class GameLoop
{
    private boolean runFlag = false;

    public void run()
    {
        runFlag = true;

        startup();
        while(runFlag)
        {
            update();
            draw();
        }
        shutdown();
    }

    public void stop()
    {
        runFlag = false;
    }

    public abstract void startup();
    public abstract void shutdown();
    public abstract void update();
    public abstract void draw();
}

限制帧率的更新

public abstract class GameLoop
{
    private boolean runFlag = false;

    /**
     * Begin the game loop
     * @param delta time between logic updates (in seconds)
     */
    public void run(double delta)
    {
        runFlag = true;

        startup();
        // convert the time to seconds
        double nextTime = (double)System.nanoTime() / 1000000000.0;
        while(runFlag)
        {
            // convert the time to seconds
            double currTime = (double)System.nanoTime() / 1000000000.0;
            if(currTime >= nextTime)
            {
                // assign the time for the next update
                nextTime += delta;
                update();
                draw();
            }
            else
            {
                // calculate the time to sleep
                int sleepTime = (int)(1000.0 * (nextTime - currTime));
                // sanity check
                if(sleepTime > 0)
                {
                    // sleep until the next update
                    try
                    {
                        Thread.sleep(sleepTime);
                    }
                    catch(InterruptedException e)
                    {
                        // do nothing
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        shutdown();
    }

    public void stop()
    {
        runFlag = false;
    }

    public abstract void startup();
    public abstract void shutdown();
    public abstract void update();
    public abstract void draw();
}

高级一些的更新

更加复杂的更新

public abstract class GameLoop
{
    private boolean runFlag = false;

    /**
     * Begin the game loop
     * @param delta time between logic updates (in seconds)
     */
    public void run(double delta)
    {
        runFlag = true;

        startup();
        // convert the time to seconds
        double nextTime = (double)System.nanoTime() / 1000000000.0;
        double maxTimeDiff = 0.5;
        int skippedFrames = 1;
        int maxSkippedFrames = 5;
        while(runFlag)
        {
            // convert the time to seconds
            double currTime = (double)System.nanoTime() / 1000000000.0;
            if((currTime - nextTime) > maxTimeDiff) nextTime = currTime;
            if(currTime >= nextTime)
            {
                // assign the time for the next update
                nextTime += delta;
                update();
                if((currTime < nextTime) || (skippedFrames > maxSkippedFrames))
                {
                    draw();
                    skippedFrames = 1;
                }
                else
                {
                    skippedFrames++;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // calculate the time to sleep
                int sleepTime = (int)(1000.0 * (nextTime - currTime));
                // sanity check
                if(sleepTime > 0)
                {
                    // sleep until the next update
                    try
                    {
                        Thread.sleep(sleepTime);
                    }
                    catch(InterruptedException e)
                    {
                        // do nothing
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        shutdown();
    }

    public void stop()
    {
        runFlag = false;
    }

    public abstract void startup();
    public abstract void shutdown();
    public abstract void update();
    public abstract void draw();
}

基本上上面的更新能应付很多问题了。