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一.房屋检测小结
一开始,直接用LSD(Line Segment Detector)检测VHR(Very High Resolution)遥感卫星图像中的房屋,效果很屎。效果很屎的主要原因是因为存在各种干扰,概括下来,主要有:
1. 道路。道路干扰性强主要是因为道路呈现各种形态,弯曲,笔直,宽度不一。同时还有桥梁也影响检测率,桥梁附近呈现较好的阴影效果和Line Segment,会干扰几何检测方法。
2.森林或农田。利用LSD检测Line Segment的时候,由于LSD原理限制,在森林或农田区域,会形成较多的Line Segment,影响几何检测方法。
3.房屋本身。实际VHR遥感图像中,房屋形态较多,大小差异较大,且有的呈现不规则的形状,有的成像后,边缘模糊,不利于产生较好的LSD结果。
4.遮挡。主要是被森林遮挡,屋顶形状不完整,不利于设计算法判别。
6.光照不均,屋顶自身纹理。光照不均和屋顶自己纹理不均匀,都会加大VHR中物体的检测难度。
二.Gabor 滤波器简介(部分资料来自维基百科)
在图像处理领域,Gabor滤波器是一个用于边缘检测的线性滤波器。Gabor滤波器的频率和方向表示接近人类视觉系统对于频率和方向的表示,并且它们常备用于纹理表示和描述。在空域,一个2维的Gabor滤波器是一个正弦平面波和高斯核函数的乘积。Gabor滤波器是自相似的,也就是说,所有Gabor滤波器都可以从一个母小波经过膨胀和旋转产生。实际应用中,Gabor滤波器可以在频域的不同尺度,不同方向上提取相关特征。
三.Gabor滤波器公式化定义
公式中:
λ:正弦函数波长;
θ:Gabor核函数的方向
ψ:相位偏移
σ:高斯函数的标准差
γ: 空间的宽高比(这个没太理解)
四.Gabor 滤波器opencv实现代码
- CGaborFilter::CGaborFilter(float dLambda, float dTheta, float dRatio_S2L, float dGamma, float dPhi)
- {
- Lambda = dLambda;
- Theta = dTheta;
- sigma = dLambda*dRatio_S2L;
- Gamma = dGamma;
- Phi = dPhi;
- m_pGaborFilter = NULL;
- bParam = 1;
- }
- CGaborFilter::~CGaborFilter(void)
- {
- cvReleaseMat(&m_pGaborFilter);
- }
- void CGaborFilter::Init()
- {
- float dtmp;
- int itmp;
- if(is_param() == 0)
- {
- printf("The parameters are not enough!");
- }
- else
- {
- dtmp = sqrt(48*pow(sigma,2)+1);
- itmp = cvRound(dtmp);
- if(itmp%2 == 0)
- itmp ++;
- GaborWindow.height = GaborWindow.width = 16;
- bInit = 1;
- create_kernel();
- }
- }
- void CGaborFilter::Init(float dSigma,float dTheta,float dPhi)
- {
- float dtmp;
- int itmp;
- sigma = dSigma;
- Theta = dTheta;
- Phi = dPhi;
- Gamma = GAMMA;
- Lambda = sigma/RATIO_S2L;
- bParam = 1;
- dtmp = sqrt(24*pow(sigma,2));
- itmp = cvRound(dtmp);
- if(itmp%2 == 0)
- itmp ++;
- GaborWindow.height = GaborWindow.width = itmp;
- bInit = 1;
- create_kernel();
- }
- void CGaborFilter::Init(float dLambda,float dTheta, float dPhi,float dGamma)
- {
- float dtmp;
- int itmp;
- Lambda = dLambda;
- Theta = dTheta;
- Phi = dPhi;
- Gamma = dGamma;
- sigma = Lambda * RATIO_S2L;
- bParam = 1;
- dtmp = sqrt(24*pow(sigma,2));
- itmp = cvRound(dtmp);
- if(itmp%2 == 0)
- itmp ++;
- GaborWindow.height = GaborWindow.width = itmp;
- bInit = 1;
- create_kernel();
- }
- void CGaborFilter::create_kernel()
- {
- float tmp1,tmp2,xtmp,ytmp,re;
- int i,j,x,y;
- if(is_init() == 0)
- printf("The parameters haven't been initialed!");
- else{
- m_pGaborFilter = cvCreateMat(GaborWindow.height,GaborWindow.width,CV_32FC1);
- for(i= 0; i< GaborWindow.height; i++)
- for(j = 0; j< GaborWindow.width; j++)
- {
- x = j - GaborWindow.width/2;
- y = i - GaborWindow.height/2;
- xtmp = (float)x*cos(Theta) - (float)y*sin(Theta);
- ytmp = (float)x*sin(Theta) + (float)y*cos(Theta);
- tmp1 = exp(-(pow(xtmp,2)+pow(ytmp*Gamma,2))/(2*pow(sigma,2)));
- tmp2 = cos(2*PI*xtmp/Lambda + Phi);
- // int p=sizeof(float);
- re = tmp1*tmp2;
- cvSetReal2D((CvMat*)m_pGaborFilter,i,j,re);
- }
- bKernel = 1;
- }
- }
- IplImage * CGaborFilter::get_Image()
- {
- if(is_kernel() == 0)
- {
- printf("The filter hasn't bee created!");
- }
- else
- {
- IplImage *pImg = cvCreateImage(GaborWindow,IPL_DEPTH_32F,1);
- IplImage *pImgU8 = cvCreateImage(GaborWindow,IPL_DEPTH_8U,1);
- CvMat * pMat = cvCreateMat(GaborWindow.height,GaborWindow.width,CV_32FC1);
- cvCopy(m_pGaborFilter,pImg);
- //pImg->imageData = (char *)pMat->data;
- cvNormalize((IplImage*)pImg, (IplImage*)pImg,0,255,CV_MINMAX,NULL);
- cvConvertScaleAbs(pImg,pImgU8,1,0);
- return pImgU8;
- }
- }
- IplImage * CGaborFilter::do_filter(const IplImage * src)
- {
- if(is_kernel()==false)
- {
- printf("The Gabor Kernel has not been created!");
- }
- else{
- IplImage *pDestImage = cvCreateImage(cvSize(src->width,src->height),IPL_DEPTH_8U,1);
- // IplImage * pGaborImage = get_Imge();
- // CvMat GaborKernel = cvMat(pGaborImage->height,pGaborImage->width,CV_8U,pGaborImage->imageData);
- IplImage *tmpImg = cvCloneImage(src);
- IplImage *tmpGrayImg = cvCreateImage(cvSize(src->width,src->height),IPL_DEPTH_8U,1);
- if(tmpImg->nChannels != 1)
- {
- cvCvtColor(tmpImg,tmpGrayImg,CV_BGR2GRAY);
- }
- else
- {
- cvReleaseImage(&tmpGrayImg);
- tmpGrayImg = tmpImg;
- }
- CvMat * pGaborKernel = get_Mat();
- cvFilter2D(tmpGrayImg,pDestImage,pGaborKernel,cvPoint((GaborWindow.width-1)/2,(GaborWindow.height-1)/2));
- cvReleaseImage(&tmpImg);
- return pDestImage;
- }
- }