【OpenCV + Python】图像特征 & Harris 角点检测

Opencv 中的函数cv2.cornerHarris() 可以用来进行角点检测。参数如下：
• img - 数据类型为float32 的输入图像。
• blockSize - 角点检测中要考虑的领域大小。
• ksize - Sobel 求导中使用的窗口大小
• k - Harris 角点检测方程中的自由参数，取值参数为[0,04，0.06]。

实例：

import cv2
import numpy as np
filename = '3.png'
img = cv2.imread(filename)
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
gray = np.float32(gray)
# 输入图像必须是float32，最后一个参数在0.04 到0.06 之间
dst = cv2.cornerHarris(gray,2,3,0.04)
# result is dilated for marking the corners, not important
dst = cv2.dilate(dst,None)
# Threshold for an optimal value, it may vary depending on the image.
img[dst>0.01*dst.max()]=[0,0,255]
cv2.imshow('dst',img)
cv2.waitKey()

亚像素级精确度的角点：
有时我们需要最大精度的角点检测。OpenCV 为我们提供了函数cv2.cornerSubPix()，它可以提供亚像素级别的角点检测。下面是一个例子。首先我们要找到Harris角点，然后将角点的重心传给这个函数进行修正。Harris 角点用红色像素标出，绿色像素是修正后的像素。在使用这个函数是我们要定义一个迭代停止条件。当迭代次数达到或者精度条件满足后迭代就会停止。我们同样需要定义进行角点搜索的邻域大小。

import cv2
import numpy as np
filename = '3.png'
img = cv2.imread(filename)
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
gray = np.float32(gray)
# 输入图像必须是float32，最后一个参数在0.04 到0.06 之间
dst = cv2.cornerHarris(gray,2,3,0.06)
#result is dilated for marking the corners, not important
dst = cv2.dilate(dst,None)
# Threshold for an optimal value, it may vary depending on the image.
img[dst>0.01*dst.max()]=[0,0,255]
cv2.imshow('dst',img)

img = cv2.imread(filename)
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
# find Harris corners
gray = np.float32(gray)
dst = cv2.cornerHarris(gray,2,3,0.06)
dst = cv2.dilate(dst,None)
ret, dst = cv2.threshold(dst,0.01*dst.max(),255,0)
dst = np.uint8(dst)
# find centroids
#connectedComponentsWithStats(InputArray image, OutputArray labels, OutputArray stats,
#OutputArray centroids, int connectivity=8, int ltype=CV_32S)
ret, labels, stats, centroids = cv2.connectedComponentsWithStats(dst)
# define the criteria to stop and refine the corners
criteria = (cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_EPS + cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_MAX_ITER, 100, 0.001)
#Python: cv2.cornerSubPix(image, corners, winSize, zeroZone, criteria)
#zeroZone – Half of the size of the dead region in the middle of the search zone
#over which the summation in the formula below is not done. It is used sometimes
# to avoid possible singularities of the autocorrelation matrix. The value of (-1,-1)
# indicates that there is no such a size.
# 返回值由角点坐标组成的一个数组（而非图像）
corners = cv2.cornerSubPix(gray,np.float32(centroids),(5,5),(-1,-1),criteria)
# Now draw them
res = np.hstack((centroids,corners))
#np.int0 可以用来省略小数点后面的数字（非四?五入）。
res = np.int0(res)
img[res[:,1],res[:,0]]=[0,0,255]
img[res[:,3],res[:,2]] = [0,255,0]
cv2.imshow('img',img)
cv2.waitKey()