100W无线充电方案文献调研 - 信息HUB

 

01 论文调研


 

02 网络产品


  • 支持最大传输功率:100W
  • 输入电压:24VDC±5%
  • 工作频率:100-150KHz
  • 工作距离:2-5mm(最佳),max 10mm
  • 传输效率:实测83%(接收端输出24V,4A)

▲ 外观与输出效率

▲ 外观与输出效率

  • 电源输入:36V/3A
  • 无线供电工作频率:6.78MHz
  • 无线供电总功率:62W
  • 传输效率:85%
  • 充电距离:30mm ~ 50mm

  • 电磁感应
  • 无线电波
  • 磁共振

 

03 相关器件


1. NPO(COG)电容

AVX EIA Class I C0G (NPO) Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors are one of the most stable capacitor dielectrics. These capacitors offer significant advantages, including a lifetime capacitance change of less than ±0.1%, which is one-fifth of that shown by other dielectrics. In addition, temperature capacitance change with C0G (NPO) is 0±30ppm/ºC, which is less than ±0.3% ΔC from -55°C to +125°C. Capacitance drift or hysteresis for C0G (NPO) ceramics is very minimal at less than ±0.05% when compared to up to ±2% for films. C0G (NPO) formulations show no aging characteristics.

 

04 论文阅读


1.论文1:

Paper1: Inductive Power Transferfor 100W Battery Charging

设计线圈的尺寸:直径15厘米;线径:3mm;

2.论文2

Paper2: Optimal Design of ICPT Systems Applied toElectric Vehicle Battery Charge

在该论文中,引用了下面论文中关于在完全补偿下,副边所得到的功率:
P 2 = ω 0 M 2 Q s L 2 I p 2 P_2 = {{\omega _0 M^2 Q_s } \over {L_2 }}I_p^2 P2=L2ω0M2QsIp2

上述公式具体推导可以参见下面“论文3”。

▲ 四种电容补充拓扑形式

▲ 四种电容补充拓扑形式

在四种电容补偿拓扑形势下,网络阻抗为:

这些公式可以借助于下面使用反射阻抗的概念来推导出来。通过公式计算出电源输出电流: I ˉ 1 = V ˉ 1 Z ˉ 1 \bar I_1 = {{\bar V_1 } \over {\bar Z_1 }} Iˉ1=Zˉ1Vˉ1

继而可以计算出四种拓扑结构中其它电学参量。

3.论文3

A,W Green et, 10kHz Inductively coupled power transfer -Concept and control 文中,给出了原边副边采用PP拓扑结构进行耦合下,负载所获得最大功率的公式。

▲ 系统框图

▲ 系统框图

上述电路可以简化成如下的电功率传送模式。锤死原边的电流I1假设是已知的而且与副边无关。那么副边拾取电能线圈L2中的感应电动势为: j ω M I 1 j\omega MI_1 jωMI1。如果副边断路,表示L2能够输出的最大电流为: I s c = j ω M I 1 j ω L 2 = I 1 ( M L 2 ) I_{sc} = {{j\omega MI_1 } \over {j\omega L_2 }} = I_1 \left( {{M \over {L_2 }}} \right) Isc=jωL2jωMI1=I1(L2M)

此时对应着输出已经谐振,负载电压为:
V 2 = j ω M I 1 Q 2 V_2 = j\omega MI_1 Q_2 V2=jωMI1Q2

Q2是此时在R2负载下对应的输出回路因子的品质因子。因此输出的最大功率为: V ⋅ A = j ( I 1 2 ⋅ M 2 ⋅ Q 2 ⋅ ω L 2 ) V \cdot A = j\left( {{{I_1^2 \cdot M^2 \cdot Q_2 \cdot \omega } \over {L_2 }}} \right) VA=j(L2I12M2Q2ω)

▲ 电功率从单线电轨拾取示意图

▲ 电功率从单线电轨拾取示意图

对于这个公式的推导如下:

Paper4

Power Transfer Capability and BifurcationPhenomena of Loosely Coupled InductivePower Transfer Systems

(1)将副边电抗反射到原边

耦合副边的阻抗:


对应到原边可以使用一个反射阻抗 Z r Z_r Zr来代表:

Z r = ω 2 M 2 Z s Z_r = {{\omega ^2 M^2 } \over {Z_s }} Zr=Zsω2M2

▲ 互感耦合后的反射阻抗

▲ 互感耦合后的反射阻抗

▲ 互感耦合后反射阻抗公式推导

▲ 互感耦合后反射阻抗公式推导



副边所获得的功率为:
P = [ R e ( Z r ) ] ⋅ I p 2 P = \left[ {{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} \left( {Z_r } \right)} \right] \cdot I_p^2 P=[Re(Zr)]Ip2

(2)谐振补偿电容计算公式

当工作频率在副边的谐振频率: ω 0 = 1 C s L s \omega _0 = {1 \over {\sqrt {C_s L_s } }} ω0=CsLs 1

▲ 反射阻抗和电抗

▲ 反射阻抗和电抗

当原边电流 I p I_p Ip为常量时,在串联电容补偿下,负载电阻越小,输出功率越大;在并联电容补偿下,负载电阻越大,输出功率越大。

▲ 原边补偿电容

▲ 原边补偿电容

使用SS, SP拓扑结构,原边的补偿电容与负载R没有关系。

▲ 原边和副边品质因数

▲ 原边和副边品质因数

Paper 5:

Experimental Teset on a Contactless Power Transfer System

Automotive Wireless Transmitter Controller Features • Conforms to the latest version WPC “Qi” specification • Supports wide DC input voltage range of 6 V (limited duration at Start/Stop operation) to 16 V for automotive battery input • Supports Foreign Object Detection (FOD) • Low-power system standby available using Freescale Touch technology • Provides free positioning solutions by using WPC A or B type multi-coil technology • Uses rail voltage control or phase shift control with fixed operating frequency to control power transfer to help alleviate automotive system interference • Supports the key FOB avoidance function • Supports the operation frequency dithering technology to eliminate the AM band interference • Improved EMC performance for automotive certification • Supports CAN/LIN/IIC/SCI/SPI interfaces • LED for system status indication • Over-voltage/current/temperature protection • Software based solution to provide maximum design freedom and product differentiation • AEC-Q100 grade 2 certification • Dual-mode capable Overview Description The WCT100xA is a wireless power transmitter controller that integrates all required functions for WPC “Qi” compliant wireless power transmitter design. The WCT100xA transmitter IC manages the power transfer by receiving commands from the receiver. Receivers are detected by using either standard protocol methods or Freescale touch sensor technology. Once the mobile device is detected, the WCT100xA controls the power transfer by adjusting rail voltage or phase shift of power stage according to message packets sent by mobile device. To maximize the design freedom and product differentiation, the WCT100xA supports any 5W coil topology capable of supporting WPC Qi-based implementation. In addition, the system supports both WPC and PMA protocols. The WCT100xA also includes CAN/LIN/IIC/SCI/SPI interfaces, over-voltage/current/temperature protection and FOD method to protect from overheating by misplaced metallic foreign object
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