模型检测Model Checking---学习记录(二)系统建模

系统建模

设AP是一组原子命题,即对变量,常量和谓词符号的布尔表达式。 Clarke等人在AP上定义Kripke结构为4元组M =(S,I,R,L)由…组成

  • 一组有限的状态S.
  • 一组初始状态I⊆S.
  • 完全变迁关系R⊆S×S,即∀s∈S∃s’∈S使得(s,s’)∈R。
  • L:S→2AP是标记函数,它标识在该状态下为真的原子命题集合。

由于R是左总数,因此总是可以通过Kripke结构构建无限路径。死锁状态可以通过单个传出边缘建模回自身。标记函数L为每个状态s∈S定义在s中有效的所有原子命题的集合L(s)。

结构M的路径是状态序列 ρ = s 1 , s 2 , s 3...... , ρ= s1,s2,s3 ......, ρ=s1s2s3......使得对于每个i> 0, R ( s i , s i + 1 ) R(s_i,s_i + 1) Rsisi+1成立。路径ρ上的单词是一系列原子命题的集合 w = L ( s 1 ) , L ( s 2 ) , L ( s 3 ) , . . . , w = L(s_1),L(s_2),L(s_3),..., w=Ls

Model checking is a technique for verifying finite state concurrent systems such as sequential circuit designs and communication protocols. It has a number of advantages over traditional approaches that are based on simulation, testing, and deductive reasoning. In particular, model checking is automatic and usually quite fast. Also, if the design contains an error, model checking will produce a counterexample that can be used to pinpoint the source of the error. The method, which was awarded the 1998 ACM Paris Kanellakis Award for Theory and Practice, has been used successfully in practice to verify real industrial designs, and companies are beginning to market commercial model checkers. The main challenge in model checking is dealing with the state space explosion problem. This problem occurs in systems with many components that can interact with each other or systems with data structures that can assume many different values. In such cases the number of global states can be enormous. Researchers have made considerable progress on this problem over the last ten years. This is the first comprehensive presentation of the theory and practice of model checking. The book, which includes basic as well as state-of-the-art techniques, algorithms, and tools, can be used both as an introduction to the subject and as a reference for researchers. About the Authors Edmund M. Clarke, a pioneer of the automated method called Model Checking, is FORE Systems Professor of Computer Science and Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, and a winner of the 2007 Turing Award given by the Association for Computing Machinery. Doron Peled is Professor of Computer Science at the University of Warwick, Coventry, UK. Endorsements "Model Checking is bound to be the pre-eminent source for research, teaching, and industrial practice on this important subject. The authors include the foremost experts. This is the first truly comprehensive treatment of a line of research that has gone from conception to industrial practice in only two decades." —R. P. Kurshan, Distinguished Member Technical Staff, Bell Laboratories
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