TIM输出比较——PWM驱动LED呼吸灯

胸有猛虎丶细嗅蔷薇

已于 2023-11-25 21:44:40 修改

阅读量404

点赞数 10

文章标签： stm32 嵌入式硬件单片机

于 2023-11-25 21:43:42 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zl199528/article/details/134615173

版权

一.输出比较简介

1.OC输出比较

2.输出比较通过比较CNT与CCR的寄存器操作值的关系，来对输出电平进行置一和置0或翻转的操作，用于输出一定频率和占空比的PWM波形。

3.每个高级定时器和通用定时器都有4个输出比较通道。

二.PWM简介

1.PWM脉冲宽度调制。

2.在具有惯性系统中，可以通过对一些列脉冲的宽度进行调制，来等效的获得所需要的模拟参数，常用于电机速度等领域。

3.PWM参数

4.输出比较通道（通用定时器）

5.输出比较的八种模式

常用最后两种PWM模式1和PWM模式2的向上计数。

6.PWM基本结构

以PWM1模式为例

7.PWM参数计算

根据下图：一个高电平和一个低电平所用的时间为一个周期就是PWM频率（绿色线所示）

高点电平所有的一个周期也是计数器的一个更新频率

三.代码部分

1.LED呼吸灯标准库

如果产生一频率为1KHZ，占空比为50%，分辨率为1%的PWM波形

根据公式：

PWM频率：Freq = CK_PSC / (PSC + 1 ) / (ARR + 1 )

PWM频率：72MHz / （PSC + 1）/ (ARR + 1) = 1000

PWM占空比：Duty = CCR / (ARR + 1 )

PWM占空比： CCR / (ARR + 1 ) = 50%

PWM分辨率：Rwso = 1 / （ARR + 1）

PWM分辨率： 1 / （ARR + 1） = 1%

PWM_Init

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header

void PWM_Init()
{
    //1.开启时钟
    RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM2,ENABLE);              //此处使用TIM2,TIM2是APB1的外设时钟
    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
    
    //2.选择时基单元的时钟
    TIM_InternalClockConfig(TIM2);                                   //TIM2的时基单元由内部时钟驱动
    
    //3.配置时基单元
    TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure;               //定义时基单元结构体
    TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_ClockDivision =TIM_CKD_DIV1 ;      //预分频器：此处使用1分频
    TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_CounterMode =TIM_CounterMode_Up ;  //计数器模式：向上计数
    TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_Period = 100 - 1;                     //ARR自动重装器的值：
    TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_Prescaler = 720 - 1;                  //预分频器的值：
    TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_RepetitionCounter = 0;             //重复计数器的值：（高级定时器使用）
    TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM2,&TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure);               //初始化结构体
    
    //4.初始化输出比较单元（选择通道）
    TIM_OCInitTypeDef  TIM_OCInitStructure;                          //定义结构体
    TIM_OCStructInit(&TIM_OCInitStructure);                          //由于结构体程序部分未使用，需要给未使用成员赋一个初始值
    TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1;                //设置输出比较的模式:PWM1模式
    TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCPolarity =  TIM_OCPolarity_High;       //设置输出比较的极性：高电平有效
    TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable ;   //设置输出使能：开启使能
    TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_Pulse = 0 ;                             //设置CCR寄存器的值：
    TIM_OC1Init(TIM2, &TIM_OCInitStructure);
    TIM_OC4Init(TIM2, &TIM_OCInitStructure);
    
    //5.初始化GPIO引脚
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;                   //模式应该选择复用推挽输出
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0 | GPIO_Pin_3;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
    
    //6.开启定时器
    TIM_Cmd(TIM2,ENABLE);
    
}

void PWM_SetCompare1(uint16_t Comper)                                  //调节占空比:设置CCR寄存器的值
{
    TIM_SetCompare1(TIM2,Comper);
}

void PWM_SetCompare4(uint16_t Comper)                                  //调节占空比:设置CCR寄存器的值
{
    TIM_SetCompare4(TIM2,Comper);
}

main.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header
#include "Delay.h"
#include "OLED.h"
#include "PWM.h"


uint16_t i ; 
int main(void)
{
	OLED_Init();
	PWM_Init();
	
	
	while (1)
	{
		for(i=0; i<100; i++)
        {
            PWM_SetCompare1(i);
            PWM_SetCompare4(100- i);
            Delay_ms(10);
        }
        for(i=0; i<100; i++)
        {
            PWM_SetCompare1(100-i);
            PWM_SetCompare4(i);
            Delay_ms(10);
        }
	}
}

2.HAL库LED呼吸灯

选择设备型号

选择RCC时钟

此处使用TIM2定时器

使用输出比较通道1和通道4，选择好通道后会自动对GPIO引脚进行配置

Mode：PWM模式设置，我们选择PWM1模式
Pulse：占空比设置
Output compare preload：通道输出，使能
Fast Mode：快速模式，不使能
CH Polarity：输出极性，低电平有效

设置项目名称，工程路径，工程文件生成项目

工程源码如下

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */
uint16_t i ;
/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_TIM2_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */

  /* USER CODE END 2 */
    HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim2,TIM_CHANNEL_1);
    HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim2,TIM_CHANNEL_4);
    
  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
      for(i=0; i<100; i ++)
      {
          __HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim2,TIM_CHANNEL_1,i);
          __HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim2,TIM_CHANNEL_4,100-i);
          HAL_Delay(10);
      }
       for(i=0; i<100; i ++)
      {
          __HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim2,TIM_CHANNEL_1,100-i);
          __HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim2,TIM_CHANNEL_4,i);
           HAL_Delay(10);
      }
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */
       
    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */