一个基于mykernel的简单时间片轮转多道程序
认证
学号末尾三位:474
本实验来源于—— https://github.com/mengning/linuxkernel/
简介
mykernel是孟老师建立的一个用于开发自己的操作系统内核的平台,它基于Linux Kernel 3.9.4 source code,
mykernel的源代码 https://github.com/mengning/mykernel 。
也可以使用实验楼http://www.shiyanlou.com/courses/195提供的虚拟机,该虚拟机已经部属好了这个平台,按照实验2的步骤即可找到并运行这个平台框架。本文的实验就是在实验楼完成
的。
实验内容
操作
-
通过以下命令编译并查看mykernel中两个进程的运行情况
cd LinuxKernel/linux-3.9.4
rm -rf mykernel
patch -p1 < …/mykernel_for_linux3.9.4sc.patch
make allnoconfig
make #编译内核请耐心等待
qemu -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage运行如下:
-
从https://github.com/mengning/mykernel获取实验源代码,替换mypcb.h,myinterrupt.c和mymain.c三个文件。重新编译mykernel。
重新运行如下:
代码分析
1.mypcb.h(进程控制块PCB结构体定义)
/*
* linux/mykernel/mypcb.h
*
* Kernel internal PCB types
*
* Copyright (C) 2013 Mengning
*
*/
#define MAX_TASK_NUM 4
#define KERNEL_STACK_SIZE 1024*8
/* CPU-specific state of this task */
struct Thread {
unsigned long ip;
unsigned long sp;
};
typedef struct PCB{
int pid;
volatile long state; /* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
char stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE];
/* CPU-specific state of this task */
struct Thread thread;
unsigned long task_entry;
struct PCB *next;
}tPCB;
void my_schedule(void);
Thread里存放了进程的eip和esp
pid:进程编号
state:进程状态
stack:每个进程自己的堆栈
结构体Thread:执行线程的信息
task_entry:进程入口函数
next:下一个pcb,以链表形式存储
my_schedule是一个函数声明,实现在my_interrupt.c中,在mymain.c中的各个进程函数会根据一个全局变量的状态来决定是否调用它来实现主动调度。
2.mymain.c(初始化各进程并启动0号进程)
/*
* linux/mykernel/mymain.c
*
* Kernel internal my_start_kernel
*
* Copyright (C) 2013 Mengning
*
*/
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include "mypcb.h"
tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
tPCB * my_current_task = NULL;
volatile int my_need_sched = 0;
void my_process(void);
void __init my_start_kernel(void)
{
int pid = 0;
int i;
/* Initialize process 0*/
task[pid].pid = pid;
task[pid].state = 0;/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
task[pid].task_entry = task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process;
task[pid].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
task[pid].next = &task[pid];
/*fork more process */
for(i=1;i<MAX_TASK_NUM;i++)
{
memcpy(&task[i],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB));
task[i].pid = i;
task[i].state = -1;
task[i].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
task[i].next = task[i-1].next;
task[i-1].next = &task[i];
}
/* start process 0 by task[0] */
pid = 0;
my_current_task = &task[pid];
asm volatile( //该关键字表示禁止编译器使用优化功能
"movl %1,%%esp\n\t" /* set task[pid].thread.sp to esp */
"pushl %1\n\t" /* push ebp */
"pushl %0\n\t" /* push task[pid].thread.ip */
"ret\n\t" /* pop task[pid].thread.ip to eip */
"popl %%ebp\n\t"
:
: "c" (task[pid].thread.ip),"d" (task[pid].thread.sp) /* input c or d mean %ecx/%edx*/
);
}
void my_process(void)
{
int i = 0;
while(1)
{
i++;
if(i%10000000 == 0)
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d -\n",my_current_task->pid);
if(my_need_sched == 1)
{
my_need_sched = 0;
my_schedule();
}
printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d +\n",my_current_task->pid);
}
}
}
my_start_kernel 是系统启动后,最先调用的函数,在这个函数里完成了0号进程的初始化和启动,并创建了其它的进程PCB,以方便后面的调度。0号进程的入口地址为my_process()。
my_process在执行时会打印当前正在运行程序的id,同时会检查进程调度表示my_need_sched,通过其值来检查是否需要调度程序。
3.myinterrput.c(时钟中断处理和进程调度)
/*
* linux/mykernel/myinterrupt.c
*
* Kernel internal my_timer_handler
*
* Copyright (C) 2013 Mengning
*
*/
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include "mypcb.h"
extern tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
extern tPCB * my_current_task;
extern volatile int my_need_sched;
volatile int time_count = 0;
/*
* Called by timer interrupt.
* it runs in the name of current running process,
* so it use kernel stack of current running process
*/
void my_timer_handler(void)
{
#if 1
if(time_count%1000 == 0 && my_need_sched != 1)
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_timer_handler here<<<\n");
my_need_sched = 1;
}
time_count ++ ;
#endif
return;
}
void my_schedule(void)
{
tPCB * next;
tPCB * prev;
if(my_current_task == NULL
|| my_current_task->next == NULL)
{
return;
}
printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_schedule<<<\n");
/* schedule */
next = my_current_task->next;
prev = my_current_task;
if(next->state == 0)/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
{
/* switch to next process */
asm volatile(
"pushl %%ebp\n\t" /* save ebp */
"movl %%esp,%0\n\t" /* save esp */
"movl %2,%%esp\n\t" /* restore esp */
"movl $1f,%1\n\t" /* save eip */
"pushl %3\n\t"
"ret\n\t" /* restore eip */
"1:\t" /* next process start here */
"popl %%ebp\n\t"
: "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
: "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
);
my_current_task = next;
printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);
}
else
{
next->state = 0;
my_current_task = next;
printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);
/* switch to new process */
asm volatile(
"pushl %%ebp\n\t" /* save ebp */
"movl %%esp,%0\n\t" /* save esp */
"movl %2,%%esp\n\t" /* restore esp */
"movl %2,%%ebp\n\t" /* restore ebp */
"movl $1f,%1\n\t" /* save eip */
"pushl %3\n\t"
"ret\n\t" /* restore eip */
: "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
: "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
);
}
return;
}
my_timer_handler函数会被内核周期性调动。每隔1000次就去修改全局变量my_need_sched值为1,通知正在执行的my_schedule完成进程的调度。
my_schedule函数在my_current_task为空时,直接退出。否则执行调度。当下一个将要运行的进程的状态为0,即运行状态时,切换进程为next。若下一个将要运行的进程还从未运行过,可以通过下一个进程的state知道其状态,具体的进程切换是通过内联汇编代码实现。详细记录了进程切换过程中应该保留那些现场(三个寄存器)以及保存,调度的操作。
实验总结
通过本讲的学习和实验,我们了解了操作系统进程的切换是通过中断来进行调度的,调用了哪些函数,修改了哪些变量,从而完成进程切换的,以及进程切换的时候如何保存的。再者,可以了解到多进程的继承结构,所有的继承都是0号进程衍生而来的。