P8：YOLOv5-C3模块实现

第P8周：YOLOv5-C3模块实现

• 🍨 本文为🔗365天深度学习训练营 中的学习记录博客
• 🍖 原作者：K同学啊

环境：

• 编程语言：Python(3.10.12)
• 编译器：Google Colab
• 数据集：天气识别数据
• 深度学习环境：pytorch
• torch == 2.3.0+cu121
• torchvision == 0.18.0+cu121

一、前期准备

1.设置环境

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
import torchvision
from torchvision import transforms, datasets
import os,PIL,pathlib,warnings

warnings.filterwarnings("ignore") #忽略警告信息

device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
device

device(type='cuda')

2.导入数据

from google.colab import drive
drive.mount("/content/drive/")

Mounted at /content/drive/

%cd "/content/drive/MyDrive/Colab Notebooks/jupyter notebook/data/"

/content/drive/Othercomputers/My laptop/jupyter notebook/data

import os,PIL,random,pathlib

data_dir = './weather_photos/'
data_dir = pathlib.Path(data_dir)

data_paths  = list(data_dir.glob('*'))

classNames = [str(path).split("/")[1] for path in data_paths]
classNames

['rain', 'shine', 'sunrise', 'cloudy']

# 关于transforms.Compose的更多介绍可以参考：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38251616/article/details/124878863
train_transforms = transforms.Compose([
    transforms.Resize([224, 224]),  # 将输入图片resize成统一尺寸
    # transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(), # 随机水平翻转
    transforms.ToTensor(),  # 将PIL Image或numpy.ndarray转换为tensor，并归一化到[0,1]之间
    transforms.Normalize(           # 标准化处理-->转换为标准正太分布（高斯分布），使模型更容易收敛
        mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406],
        std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])  # 其中 mean=[0.485,0.456,0.406]与std=[0.229,0.224,0.225] 从数据集中随机抽样计算得到的。
])

test_transform = transforms.Compose([
    transforms.Resize([224, 224]),  # 将输入图片resize成统一尺寸
    transforms.ToTensor(),          # 将PIL Image或numpy.ndarray转换为tensor，并归一化到[0,1]之间
    transforms.Normalize(           # 标准化处理-->转换为标准正太分布（高斯分布），使模型更容易收敛
        mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406],
        std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])  # 其中 mean=[0.485,0.456,0.406]与std=[0.229,0.224,0.225] 从数据集中随机抽样计算得到的。
])

total_data = datasets.ImageFolder("./weather_photos/",transform=train_transforms)
total_data

Dataset ImageFolder
    Number of datapoints: 1125
    Root location: ./weather_photos/
    StandardTransform
Transform: Compose(
               Resize(size=[224, 224], interpolation=bilinear, max_size=None, antialias=True)
               ToTensor()
               Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])
           )

total_data.class_to_idx

{'cloudy': 0, 'rain': 1, 'shine': 2, 'sunrise': 3}

3.划分数据集

train_size = int(0.8*len(total_data))
test_size = len(total_data) - train_size
train_dataset, test_dataset = torch.utils.data.random_split(total_data,[train_size, test_size])
train_dataset, test_dataset

(<torch.utils.data.dataset.Subset at 0x79e9dcb49bd0>,
 <torch.utils.data.dataset.Subset at 0x79e9dcb48fd0>)

batch_size = 4

train_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset,
                     batch_size=batch_size,
                     shuffle=True,
                     num_workers=1)
test_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_dataset,
                    batch_size=batch_size,
                    shuffle=True,
                    num_workers=1)

for X, y in test_dl:
    print("Shape of X [N, C, H, W]: ", X.shape)
    print("Shape of y: ", y.shape, y.dtype)
    break

Shape of X [N, C, H, W]:  torch.Size([4, 3, 224, 224])
Shape of y:  torch.Size([4]) torch.int64

二、搭建含C3模块的模型

1.YOLOv5介绍:

版权-https://blog.csdn.net/u012856866/article/details/130948742

以下博客均较为详细介绍了YOLOv5的结构：

1. yolov5原理详解 (涉及内容：Yolov5框架，各组件分析，特征融合是怎么实现的？yolov5的具体特征融合方式等)
2. YOLOv5【网络结构】超详细解读总结！！！建议收藏✨✨！
3. ❗重点参考：【目标检测】yolov5模型详解

YOLOv5（You Only Look Once version 5）是一个流行的目标检测算法，它是 YOLO 系列算法的最新版本之一。YOLOv5 以其高速和高精度的特点，在实时目标检测任务中表现出色。如下是YOLOv5s的结构图：

可以看出YOLOv5s包含输入、Backbone、Neck、Head、输出等几个主要部分

• backbone:主干网络，其大多时候指的是提取特征的网络。主干网络的作用就是提取图片中的信息，供后面的网络使用。在Yolov5中，常见的Backbone网络包括CSPDarknet53或ResNet。这些网络都是相对轻量级的，能够在保证较高检测精度的同时，尽可能地减少计算量和内存占用。
  
  其结构主要有Conv模块、C3模块、SPPF模块。Conv模块主要由卷积层、BN层和激活函数组成，C3模块则将前面的特征图进行自适应聚合，SPPF模块通过全局特征与局部特征的加权融合，获取更全面的空间信息

• neck:负责对Backbone提取的特征进行多尺度特征融合，并把这些特征传递给预测层。
  例如，在Yolov5采用的PANet结构中，通过多次上采样、拼接、点和点积来设计聚合策略，以此更好地利用多尺度特征。

• head:主要负责进行最终的回归预测，即利用Backbone骨干网络提取的特征图来检测目标的位置和类别。
  
  最后，输出端是模型预测的结果，包括每个目标的类别和其对应的边界框坐标等信息。

• 组件：

• CBS：由Conv+BN+SiLU激活函数组成；

• SPPF：spatial pyramid pooling-fast

• C3:3指3个卷积

Concat：张量拼接，会扩充两个张量的维度，例如26×26×256和26×26×512两个张量拼接，结果是26×26×768。

add：张量相加，张量直接相加，不会扩充维度，例如104×104×128和104×104×128相加，结果还是104×104×128。

Input

YOLOv5在输入端Input采用了Mosaic数据增强，参考了CutMix数据增强的方法，Mosaic数据增强由原来的两张图像提高到四张图像进行拼接，并对图像进行随机缩放，随机裁剪和随机排列。使用数据增强可以改善数据集中，小、中、大目标数据不均衡的问题。

主要步骤为：

• Mosaic
• Copy paste
• Random affine（Scale, Translation and Shear)
• Mixup
• Albumentations
• Augment HSV(Hue, Saturation, Value)
• Random horizontal flip.

采用Mosaic数据增强的方式有几个优点：

• 丰富数据集：随机使用4张图像，随机缩放后随机拼接，增加很多小目标，大大丰富了数据集，提高了网络的鲁棒性。
• 减少GPU占用：随机拼接的方式让一张图像可以计算四张图像的数据，减少每个batch的数量，即使只有一个GPU，也能得到较好的结果。
• 同时通过对识别物体的裁剪，使模型根据局部特征识别物体，有助于被遮挡物体的检测，从而提升了模型的检测能力。

Backbone

1. Conv模块（前文的CBS结构）
   

• BN层具有防止过拟合和加速收敛的作用；
• SiLu激活函数是Sigmoid 加权线性组合，SiLU 函数也称为 swish 函数。
  公式：silu(x)=x∗σ(x), where σ(x) is the logistic sigmoid. Silu函数处处可导，且连续光滑。Silu并非一个单调的函数，最大的缺点是计算量大。

2. C3模块
   
   该模块是对残差特征进行学习的主要模块，结构分为两支：

• Bottleneck堆叠
• 仅经过一个基本卷积模块
  
  最后两支进行concat操作

C3中的Bottleneck:

借鉴了ResNet的残差结构，如下：

• 其中一路先进行1×1卷积将特征图的通道数减小一半，从而减少计算量，再通过3 ×3卷积提取特征，并且将通道数加倍，其输入与输出的通道数是不发生改变的。
• 另外一路通过shortcut进行残差连接，与第一路的输出特征图相加，从而实现特征融合。
  
  在YOLOv5中，Backbone中的Bottleneck都默认使shortcut为True，而在Head中的Bottleneck都不使用shortcut。

3. SPPF模块
   
   SPPF由SPP改进而来，SPP先通过一个标准卷积模块将输入通道减半，然后分别做kernel-size为5，9，13的max pooling（对于不同的核大小，padding是自适应的）。
   
   
   对三次最大池化的结果与未进行池化操作的数据进行concat，最终合并后channel数是原来的2倍。
   
   yolo的SPP借鉴了空间金字塔的思想，通过SPP模块实现了局部特征和全部特征。经过局部特征与全矩特征相融合后，丰富了特征图的表达能力，有利于待检测图像中目标大小差异较大的情况，对yolo这种复杂的多目标检测的精度有很大的提升。
   

SPPF（Spatial Pyramid Pooling - Fast ）使用3个5×5的最大池化，代替原来的5×5、9×9、13×13最大池化，多个小尺寸池化核级联代替SPP模块中单个大尺寸池化核，从而在保留原有功能，即融合不同感受野的特征图，丰富特征图的表达能力的情况下，进一步提高了运行速度。

Neck

在Neck部分，yolov5主要采用了PANet结构。

PANet在FPN（feature pyramid network）上提取网络内特征层次结构，FPN中顶部信息流需要通过骨干网络(Backbone)逐层地往下传递，由于层数相对较多，因此计算量比较大（a)。

PANet在FPN的基础上又引入了一个自底向上(Bottom-up)的路径。经过自顶向下(Top-down)的特征融合后，再进行自底向上(Bottom-up)的特征融合，这样底层的位置信息也能够传递到深层，从而增强多个尺度上的定位能力。

• FPN(Feature Pyramid Networks) 特征金字塔模型：https://blog.csdn.net/u012856866/article/details/130271655

Head

Head部分主要用于检测目标，分别输出20×20，40×40和80×80的特征图大小，对应的是32×32，16×16和8×8像素的目标。

2.搭建模型

import torch.nn.functional as F

def autopad(k, p=None):  # kernel, padding
    # Pad to 'same'
    if p is None:
        p = k // 2 if isinstance(k, int) else [x // 2 for x in k]  # auto-pad
    return p

class Conv(nn.Module):
    # Standard convolution--CBS module
    def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=1, s=1, p=None, g=1, act=True):  # ch_in, ch_out, kernel, stride, padding, groups
        super().__init__()
        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(c1, c2, k, s, autopad(k, p), groups=g, bias=False)
        self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(c2)
        self.act = nn.SiLU() if act is True else (act if isinstance(act, nn.Module) else nn.Identity())

    def forward(self, x):
        return self.act(self.bn(self.conv(x)))

class Bottleneck(nn.Module):
    # Standard bottleneck
    def __init__(self, c1, c2, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5):  # ch_in, ch_out, shortcut, groups, expansion
        super().__init__()
        c_ = int(c2 * e)  # hidden channels
        self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
        self.cv2 = Conv(c_, c2, 3, 1, g=g)
        self.add = shortcut and c1 == c2

    def forward(self, x):
        return x + self.cv2(self.cv1(x)) if self.add else self.cv2(self.cv1(x))

class C3(nn.Module):
    # CSP + n*Bottleneck
    def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5):  # ch_in, ch_out, number, shortcut, groups, expansion
        super().__init__()
        c_ = int(c2 * e)  # hidden channels
        self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
        self.cv2 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
        self.cv3 = Conv(2 * c_, c2, 1)  # act=FReLU(c2)
        self.m = nn.Sequential(*(Bottleneck(c_, c_, shortcut, g, e=1.0) for _ in range(n)))

    def forward(self, x):
        return self.cv3(torch.cat((self.m(self.cv1(x)), self.cv2(x)), dim=1))

class model_K(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(model_K, self).__init__()

        # 卷积模块
        self.Conv = Conv(3, 32, 3, 2)

        # C3模块1
        self.C3_1 = C3(32, 64, 3, 2)

        # 全连接网络层，用于分类
        self.classifier = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(in_features=802816, out_features=100),
            nn.ReLU(),
            nn.Linear(in_features=100, out_features=4)
        )

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.Conv(x)
        x = self.C3_1(x)
        x = torch.flatten(x, start_dim=1)
        x = self.classifier(x)

        return x

device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
print("Using {} device".format(device))

model = model_K().to(device)
model

Using cuda device





model_K(
  (Conv): Conv(
    (conv): Conv2d(3, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
    (bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (act): SiLU()
  )
  (C3_1): C3(
    (cv1): Conv(
      (conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (act): SiLU()
    )
    (cv2): Conv(
      (conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (act): SiLU()
    )
    (cv3): Conv(
      (conv): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (bn): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (act): SiLU()
    )
    (m): Sequential(
      (0): Bottleneck(
        (cv1): Conv(
          (conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
          (bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
          (act): SiLU()
        )
        (cv2): Conv(
          (conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
          (bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
          (act): SiLU()
        )
      )
      (1): Bottleneck(
        (cv1): Conv(
          (conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
          (bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
          (act): SiLU()
        )
        (cv2): Conv(
          (conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
          (bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
          (act): SiLU()
        )
      )
      (2): Bottleneck(
        (cv1): Conv(
          (conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
          (bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
          (act): SiLU()
        )
        (cv2): Conv(
          (conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
          (bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
          (act): SiLU()
        )
      )
    )
  )
  (classifier): Sequential(
    (0): Linear(in_features=802816, out_features=100, bias=True)
    (1): ReLU()
    (2): Linear(in_features=100, out_features=4, bias=True)
  )
)

import torchsummary as ts
ts.summary(model,(3,224,224))

----------------------------------------------------------------
        Layer (type)               Output Shape         Param #
================================================================
            Conv2d-1         [-1, 32, 112, 112]             864
       BatchNorm2d-2         [-1, 32, 112, 112]              64
              SiLU-3         [-1, 32, 112, 112]               0
              Conv-4         [-1, 32, 112, 112]               0
            Conv2d-5         [-1, 32, 112, 112]           1,024
       BatchNorm2d-6         [-1, 32, 112, 112]              64
              SiLU-7         [-1, 32, 112, 112]               0
              Conv-8         [-1, 32, 112, 112]               0
            Conv2d-9         [-1, 32, 112, 112]           1,024
      BatchNorm2d-10         [-1, 32, 112, 112]              64
             SiLU-11         [-1, 32, 112, 112]               0
             Conv-12         [-1, 32, 112, 112]               0
           Conv2d-13         [-1, 32, 112, 112]           9,216
      BatchNorm2d-14         [-1, 32, 112, 112]              64
             SiLU-15         [-1, 32, 112, 112]               0
             Conv-16         [-1, 32, 112, 112]               0
       Bottleneck-17         [-1, 32, 112, 112]               0
           Conv2d-18         [-1, 32, 112, 112]           1,024
      BatchNorm2d-19         [-1, 32, 112, 112]              64
             SiLU-20         [-1, 32, 112, 112]               0
             Conv-21         [-1, 32, 112, 112]               0
           Conv2d-22         [-1, 32, 112, 112]           9,216
      BatchNorm2d-23         [-1, 32, 112, 112]              64
             SiLU-24         [-1, 32, 112, 112]               0
             Conv-25         [-1, 32, 112, 112]               0
       Bottleneck-26         [-1, 32, 112, 112]               0
           Conv2d-27         [-1, 32, 112, 112]           1,024
      BatchNorm2d-28         [-1, 32, 112, 112]              64
             SiLU-29         [-1, 32, 112, 112]               0
             Conv-30         [-1, 32, 112, 112]               0
           Conv2d-31         [-1, 32, 112, 112]           9,216
      BatchNorm2d-32         [-1, 32, 112, 112]              64
             SiLU-33         [-1, 32, 112, 112]               0
             Conv-34         [-1, 32, 112, 112]               0
       Bottleneck-35         [-1, 32, 112, 112]               0
           Conv2d-36         [-1, 32, 112, 112]           1,024
      BatchNorm2d-37         [-1, 32, 112, 112]              64
             SiLU-38         [-1, 32, 112, 112]               0
             Conv-39         [-1, 32, 112, 112]               0
           Conv2d-40         [-1, 64, 112, 112]           4,096
      BatchNorm2d-41         [-1, 64, 112, 112]             128
             SiLU-42         [-1, 64, 112, 112]               0
             Conv-43         [-1, 64, 112, 112]               0
               C3-44         [-1, 64, 112, 112]               0
           Linear-45                  [-1, 100]      80,281,700
             ReLU-46                  [-1, 100]               0
           Linear-47                    [-1, 4]             404
================================================================
Total params: 80,320,536
Trainable params: 80,320,536
Non-trainable params: 0
----------------------------------------------------------------
Input size (MB): 0.57
Forward/backward pass size (MB): 150.06
Params size (MB): 306.40
Estimated Total Size (MB): 457.04
----------------------------------------------------------------

三、训练模型

1.编写训练函数

# 训练循环
def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer):
    size = len(dataloader.dataset)  # 训练集的大小
    num_batches = len(dataloader)   # 批次数目, (size/batch_size，向上取整)

    train_loss, train_acc = 0, 0  # 初始化训练损失和正确率

    for X, y in dataloader:  # 获取图片及其标签
        X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)

        # 计算预测误差
        pred = model(X)          # 网络输出
        loss = loss_fn(pred, y)  # 计算网络输出和真实值之间的差距，targets为真实值，计算二者差值即为损失

        # 反向传播
        optimizer.zero_grad()  # grad属性归零
        loss.backward()        # 反向传播
        optimizer.step()       # 每一步自动更新

        # 记录acc与loss
        train_acc  += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item()
        train_loss += loss.item()

    train_acc  /= size
    train_loss /= num_batches

    return train_acc, train_loss

2.编写训练函数

def test (dataloader, model, loss_fn):
    size        = len(dataloader.dataset)  # 测试集的大小
    num_batches = len(dataloader)          # 批次数目, (size/batch_size，向上取整)
    test_loss, test_acc = 0, 0

    # 当不进行训练时，停止梯度更新，节省计算内存消耗
    with torch.no_grad():
        for imgs, target in dataloader:
            imgs, target = imgs.to(device), target.to(device)

            # 计算loss
            target_pred = model(imgs)
            loss        = loss_fn(target_pred, target)

            test_loss += loss.item()
            test_acc  += (target_pred.argmax(1) == target).type(torch.float).sum().item()

    test_acc  /= size
    test_loss /= num_batches

    return test_acc, test_loss

3.正式训练

import copy

optimizer  = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr= 1e-4)
loss_fn    = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() # 创建损失函数

epochs     = 20

train_loss = []
train_acc  = []
test_loss  = []
test_acc   = []

best_acc = 0    # 设置一个最佳准确率，作为最佳模型的判别指标

for epoch in range(epochs):

    model.train()
    epoch_train_acc, epoch_train_loss = train(train_dl, model, loss_fn, optimizer)

    model.eval()
    epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, model, loss_fn)

    # 保存最佳模型到 best_model
    if epoch_test_acc > best_acc:
        best_acc   = epoch_test_acc
        best_model = copy.deepcopy(model)

    train_acc.append(epoch_train_acc)
    train_loss.append(epoch_train_loss)
    test_acc.append(epoch_test_acc)
    test_loss.append(epoch_test_loss)

    # 获取当前的学习率
    lr = optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr']

    template = ('Epoch:{:2d}, Train_acc:{:.1f}%, Train_loss:{:.3f}, Test_acc:{:.1f}%, Test_loss:{:.3f}, Lr:{:.2E}')
    print(template.format(epoch+1, epoch_train_acc*100, epoch_train_loss,
                          epoch_test_acc*100, epoch_test_loss, lr))

# 保存最佳模型到文件中
PATH = './best_model.pth'  # 保存的参数文件名
torch.save(model.state_dict(), PATH)

print('Done')

Epoch: 1, Train_acc:69.0%, Train_loss:1.320, Test_acc:84.9%, Test_loss:0.436, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 2, Train_acc:85.2%, Train_loss:0.410, Test_acc:81.3%, Test_loss:0.507, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 3, Train_acc:93.8%, Train_loss:0.179, Test_acc:88.9%, Test_loss:0.274, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 4, Train_acc:97.0%, Train_loss:0.096, Test_acc:88.0%, Test_loss:0.387, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 5, Train_acc:98.2%, Train_loss:0.046, Test_acc:89.8%, Test_loss:0.261, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 6, Train_acc:98.3%, Train_loss:0.041, Test_acc:87.1%, Test_loss:0.387, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 7, Train_acc:94.7%, Train_loss:0.192, Test_acc:80.0%, Test_loss:0.796, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 8, Train_acc:97.7%, Train_loss:0.069, Test_acc:79.1%, Test_loss:0.918, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 9, Train_acc:98.4%, Train_loss:0.045, Test_acc:84.4%, Test_loss:0.590, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:10, Train_acc:97.9%, Train_loss:0.050, Test_acc:73.8%, Test_loss:1.447, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:11, Train_acc:98.4%, Train_loss:0.046, Test_acc:89.8%, Test_loss:0.395, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:12, Train_acc:99.7%, Train_loss:0.010, Test_acc:90.7%, Test_loss:0.370, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:13, Train_acc:98.9%, Train_loss:0.057, Test_acc:88.0%, Test_loss:0.615, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:14, Train_acc:96.4%, Train_loss:0.131, Test_acc:84.9%, Test_loss:0.814, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:15, Train_acc:98.0%, Train_loss:0.136, Test_acc:86.7%, Test_loss:0.604, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:16, Train_acc:97.7%, Train_loss:0.168, Test_acc:83.1%, Test_loss:0.853, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:17, Train_acc:99.2%, Train_loss:0.029, Test_acc:90.7%, Test_loss:0.354, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:18, Train_acc:99.6%, Train_loss:0.020, Test_acc:89.3%, Test_loss:0.542, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:19, Train_acc:100.0%, Train_loss:0.003, Test_acc:89.8%, Test_loss:0.501, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:20, Train_acc:99.4%, Train_loss:0.030, Test_acc:90.2%, Test_loss:0.725, Lr:1.00E-04
Done

四、结果可视化

1.Loss与Accuracy图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#隐藏警告
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")               #忽略警告信息
# plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']    = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False      # 用来正常显示负号
plt.rcParams['figure.dpi']         = 100        #分辨率

epochs_range = range(epochs)

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 3))
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)

plt.plot(epochs_range, train_acc, label='Training Accuracy')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_acc, label='Test Accuracy')
plt.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')

plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_loss, label='Training Loss')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_loss, label='Test Loss')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')
plt.show()

​

from PIL import Image

classes = list(total_data.class_to_idx)

def predict_one_image(image_path, model, transform, classes):
  test_img = Image.open(image_path).convert('RGB')
  plt.imshow(test_img)  # 展示预测的图片

  test_img = transform(test_img)
  img = test_img.to(device).unsqueeze(0)

  model.eval()
  output = model(img)

  _,pred = torch.max(output,1)
  pred_class = classes[pred]
  print(f'预测结果是：{pred_class}')

predict_one_image(image_path='./weather_photos/cloudy/cloudy23.jpg',
                  model=model,
                  transform=train_transforms,
                  classes=classes)

预测结果是：cloudy

2.模型评估

best_model.eval()
epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, best_model, loss_fn)

epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss

(0.9066666666666666, 0.36858088395179)