第十章C++复习 运算符重载

1：复数相加的运算，未进行运算符重载

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Complex
{
    public:
    Complex()
    {
        real=0;imag=0;//定义构造函数
    }
    Complex(double r,double i)
    {
        real=r;
        imag=i;//构造函数重载

    }
    Complex complex_add(Complex &c2);//声明复数相加函数
    void display();
    private:
    double real;
    double imag;
};
  Complex  Complex::complex_add(Complex &c2)//声明复数相加函数
    {
        Complex c;
        c.real=real+c2.real;
        c.imag=imag+c2.imag;
        return c;
    }
    void Complex::display()
    {
        cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;//定义输出函数
    }

int main()
{Complex c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;//定义三个复数对象
 c3=c1.complex_add(c2);//调用复数相加函数
 cout<<"c1=";//输出c1的值
 c1.display();
 cout<<"c2=";//输出c2的值
 c2.display();
 cout<<"c1+c2=";//输出c3的值
 c3.display();
 return 0;
}
/*c1=(3,4i)
c2=(5,-10i)
c1+c2=(8,-6i)

Process returned 0 (0x0)   execution time : 0.120 s
Press any key to continue.
*/

2：运算符重载的方法： 定义一个重载运算符的函数，运算符重载实际是函数的重载。
3：重载运算符的函数的一般格式：
函数类型 operator 运算符名称（形参表）
{对运算符的重载处理}
（1）“+”用于Complex类（复数）的加法运算，函数的原型可以是这样的
Complex operator+(Complex&c1,Complex&c2);
函数名是由operator和运算符组成。
operator+就是函数名，意思是“运算符+重载的函数”
4：例子，对运算符“+”进行重载，使两个复数相加

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
class Complex
{
public:
    Complex()
    {
        real=0;
        imag=0;
    }
    Complex(double r,double i)
    {
        real=r;
        imag=i;
    }
    Complex operator+(Complex &c2);
    void display();
private:
    double real;
    double imag;
};
Complex Complex::operator+(Complex &c2)//定义重载运算符＋的函数
{

    Complex c;
    c.real=real+c2.real;
    c.imag=imag+c2.imag;
    return c;
}
void Complex::display()
{

    cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;//输出复数的形式
}
int main()
{
    Complex c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;
    c3=c1+c2;
    cout<<"c1=";
    c1.display();
    cout<<"c2=";
    c2.display();
    cout<<"c1+c2=";
    c3.display();
    return 0;
}
/*c1=(3,4i)
c2=(5,-10i)
c1+c2=(8,-6i)

Process returned 0 (0x0)   execution time : 0.321 s
Press any key to continue.
*/

5:Complex Complex::operator+(Complex &c2)
{return Complex(real+c2.real,imag+c2.imag):}

6:"<<“和”>>"重载的函数形式如下
istream&operator>>(istream&,自定义类&）；
ostream&operator<<(ostream&,自定义类&）；
只能将重载“>>"和”<<"的函数作为友元函数,不能将他们定义为成员函数.

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
class Complex
{
public:
    Complex()
    {
        real=0;
        imag=0;
    }
    Complex(double r,double i)
    {
        real=r;
        imag=i;
    }
    Complex operator+(Complex &c2);//运算符”+"重载为成员函数
    friend ostream&operator<<(ostream&,Complex&);//运算符"<<"重载为友元函数
private:
    double real;
    double imag;
};
Complex Complex::operator+(Complex &c2)
{
    return Complex(real+c2.real,imag+c2.imag);//定义运算符“+”的重载函数
}
ostream&operator<<(ostream&output,Complex&c)//定义运算符“<<"重载函数
{
    output<<"("<<c.real<<"+"<<c.imag<<"i)"<<endl;
    return output;
}
int main()
{
    Complex c1(2,4),c2(6,10),c3;
    c3=c1+c2;
    cout<<c3;
    return 0;
}
/*(8+14i)

Process returned 0 (0x0)   execution time : 0.339 s
Press