设计模式 - 原型模式(Prototype)

原型模式(Prototype) - 用原型实例指定创建对象的种类，并且通过拷贝这些原型创建新的对象。
Java可以通过实现Cloneable接口，并覆盖(Override) clone() 方法来实现。分为”浅拷贝”和”深拷贝”:
浅拷贝: 对引用类型的成员变量只克隆引用,不克隆引用的对象。
深拷贝: 对引用类型的成员变量也进行引用对象的克隆。

类图：

案例： 深拷贝

public class Address implements Cloneable {
    private String homeAddress;
    private String postCode;
    public Address(String homeAddress, String postCode) {
        super();
        this.homeAddress = homeAddress;
        this.postCode = postCode;
    }
    public String getHomeAddress() {
        return homeAddress;
    }
    public String getPostCode() {
        return postCode;
    }

    public Object clone() {
        try {
            return super.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            //do something
            return null;
        }
    }
}

public class Employee implements Cloneable{
    private String employeeId;
    private String name;
    private Address address;//cloneable
    public Employee(String employeeId, String name, Address address) {
        this.employeeId = employeeId;
        this.name = name;
        this.address = new Address(address.getHomeAddress(), address.getPostCode());//defensive copy
    }

    public  Object clone() {
        Employee employee = null;
        try {
            employee = (Employee)super.clone();
            employee.address = (Address)this.address.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            //do something;
        }
        return employee;
    }
}