英语语法 可作主语的词类 1.1.4名词性从句作主语

1.1.4名词性从句作主语

a.句子是不能做主语的,因此:

He doesn't study makes me angry.(he doesn't study是句子,错误)

That he doesn't study makes me angry.(That he doesn't study是名词性从句)


b.名词性从句的种类

名词性从句一共有三种:(速记:戴慧怡)

1)that从句(戴)

2)whether从句(慧)

3)疑问词所引导的从句(怡)

分项说明如下:

1)that从句

任何一个主语起首的句子前面冠以that,形成that从句

He doesn't study makes me angry.(he doesn't study是句子,错误)

That he doesn't study makes me angry.(That he doesn't study是名词性从句)

2)whether从句

本从句可由yes/no回答的问句变化而成,可用yes/no来回答的问句为一般疑问句。一般都要主语跟动词换位。

当问句有do、does、did等助动词时,将do、does、did去掉,后面的动词依人称和时态变化。

Did he come?

->whether he came

(他是否来了)

3)疑问词从句

本从句由疑问词(when、what、how、where、why等)引导的问句变化而成,这种由疑问词引导的问句称为特殊疑问句。一般都要主语跟动词换位,前面保留疑问词。

问句有do、does、did等助动词时,将do、does、did去掉,动词依人称和时态变化。

What did he write?

->what he wrote

注意:

who、what、which为疑问代词,若在问句中作主语,变成名词性从句时,结构不变。

Who came here?

->who came here

(谁来这里)


c.名词性从句的功能

1)名词性从句作主语:

Where he lives is still in doubt.

他住在哪里仍不确定。

注意:避免主语过长,亦可用形式主语it代替,置于句首,而被代替的名词性从句则置于句尾。

It is still in doubt where he lives.

2)名词性从句作及物动词的宾语:

I wonder whether he has finished the work.

我想知道他是否已做完这份工作。

3)名词性从句作介词(preposition,简称prep)的宾语:

a)此时仅能用whether从句或疑问词引导的名词性从句作宾语。that从句不可作介词的宾语。

I am worried about whether he can do it.

(我很担心他是否能做这件事)

b)遇有介词,且非要使用that从句,其补救方法如下:

1)介词+the fact + that 从句

I am sure of the fact that the team has won the game.

2)保留介词,不加the fact,但介词之后的that 从句要做下列变化:

第一步:除去that

第二步:that后的主语变所有格

第三步:动词变动名词

I am worried about that he plays around all day.(错)

->I am worried about that his playing around all day.

我为他整天游手好闲而担心。

a)that 从句若有助动词do、does、did时,予以去掉即可。

b)that从句若有助动词will或would时,予以去掉即可。

c)若有以下助词时,做下列变化

may -> be likely to

can -> be able to

3)去掉介词,将that放在形容词后面,作其宾语。

注意:

例外惯用语:

in that = because 因为

except that 只可惜,除了

notwithstanding that 尽管

= despite the fact that

= is  spite of the fact that

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