Star-CCM+修补表面2-错误类型解析

（1）Pierced face

A pierced face is a face that is intersected by one or more edges of another face.

穿孔面是由另一张面的一个或多个边缘相交的面。

If an edge pierces a face, the surface diagnostics color the face red in the Graphics window.

如果边缘刺穿了一个面，则在“图形”窗口中，表面诊断将该面显示为红色。

If an edge is piercing a face, the surface diagnostics color the edge red.

如果边缘刺穿了一个面，则表面诊断将边缘涂成红色。

（2）Face quality

Face quality is a measure of similarity between a face and the ideal face shape, which is an equilateral triangle.

面质量是衡量一个网格面与理想网格面(等边三角形)之间的相似度。

The surface diagnostics calculate face quality as the ratio of the in-circle radius to the circum-circle radius, multiplied by a factor of 2.

表面诊断将表面质量计算为内圆半径与外圆半径之比，乘以2的系数。

The in-circle of a face is the largest circle that fits inside the face, while the circum-circle is the circle that passes through the three points of the face.

面的内圆是适合面的最大的圆，而外圆是穿过面的三个点的圆。

Face quality ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 being a line (that is, no in-circle radius) and 1 being an equilateral triangle (that is, in-circle radius is half of circum-circle radius).

面网格的质量范围为0-1，质量为0代表值一条直线（内圆没有半径），质量为1则代表是等边三角形(内圆半径为外圆半径的一半）。

Faces that have a quality below 0.01 (by default) are considered poor quality faces. In Surface Repair mode, poor quality faces are colored in yellow when you activate the Poor Quality Face diagnostic.

面质量低于0.01（默认）时，则认为时质量差的网格，当面检查勾选该项时，质量差的网格将显示为黄色。

There are instances when you do not need to fix poor quality faces, depending on how the surface is used. For example, if you use the surface with the surface wrapper or surface remesher, poor quality faces do not usually cause a problem.

这个质量差的网格是否需要修复，取决于这个网格后续的用途。如果这个面网格后续用于包面或面网格重构，则不需要修复，该情况下差质量的网格不会造成问题。

However, if you use the surface directly for volume meshing, poor quality faces lead to poor quality or invalid volume cells. In this case, you can improve face quality by locally remeshing the poor quality faces, using the surface repair tools.

如果这个面网格要用于体网格绘制，质量差的面网格就会导致质量差的体网格。这种情况下就需要对质量差的面网格进行修复，重新绘制。

（3）Face Proximity

Face proximity considers the distance between two faces.

面接近表示的是两个面之间的距离。

Face proximity ranges from 0 to 1, with low values indicating one of the following problems:

面接近范围是0-1，低值则表示存在以下问题：

    Folds in the surface, for example, “V” or “Z” shaped kinks in the surface causing localized overlaps

    表面折叠，例如：表面“V”形或“Z"形扭曲导致局部重叠。

    Surfaces in close proximity, for example, two surfaces that are almost touching, such as either side of a thin baffle

    表面靠近，如两个薄板的两侧，两个面接近接触。

Faces that have a face proximity below 0.05 (by default) are considered to be close proximity faces. In Surface Repair mode,  close proximity faces are colored in orange when you activate the Close Proximity Faces diagnostic.

表面接近度低于0.05（默认）则面则认为是接近面，在表面修复激活该项时，接近面显示为橙色。

（4）Free edges

A free edge is one that is joined to only one face. Two joined faces share two vertices for the common edge.

两个面只共有一个顶点而形成的公共边。

The surface diagnostic colors Free Edges green in the Graphics window.

表面修复中，自由边呈现颜色为绿色。

Double-clicking a free edge selects all connected free edges. This feature is useful when fixing free edges using the fill holes tool.

双击自由一个自由边，可以同时选中该自由关联的所有自由边，使用填充孔命令可以修复自由边。

（5）Non-manifold Edge（非流形边/多重边）

A non-manifold edge is an edge that three or more other faces share.

三个或者更多面共享的边，称为非流形边（T形边）。

The surface diagnostics color Non-manifold Edges blue in the Graphics window.

T形边在窗口的显示颜色为蓝色。

You can fix non-manifold edges by deleting the faces that are causing the additional edges, using the surface repair tools.

可以通过删除产生T形边的面来修复T型边。

（6）Non-manifold Vertex（非流形节点/多重节点）

A vertex is non-manifold if any of its connected faces have no other link with the rest of its connected faces, apart from the vertex.

面与面之间只有一个点连接，那么这个点就是非流行点。

A vertex is non-manifold if any of its connected faces have no other link with the rest of its connected faces, apart from the vertex.

非流形点在窗口的显示颜色为蓝色。

错误类型示意图