讲述了QLoRA的技术原理。该技术核心思想就是在不降低任何性能的情况下微调量化为 4 bit的模型。光说不练假把式，下面我们对其进行实战演练，相关代码放置在GitHub上面：[llm-action]。
环境搭建
基础环境配置如下：
- 操作系统: CentOS 7
- CPUs: 单个节点具有 1TB 内存的 Intel CPU，物理CPU个数为64，每颗CPU核数为16
- GPUs: 8 卡 A800 80GB GPUs
- Python: 3.10 (需要先升级OpenSSL到1.1.1t版本（[点击下载OpenSSL]），然后再编译安装Python)，[点击下载Python]
- NVIDIA驱动程序版本: 515.65.01，根据不同型号选择不同的驱动程序，[点击下载]。
- CUDA工具包: 11.7，[点击下载]
- NCCL: nccl_2.14.3-1+cuda11.7，[点击下载]
- cuDNN: 8.8.1.3_cuda11，[点击下载]
上面的NVIDIA驱动、CUDA、Python等工具的安装就不一一赘述了。
创建虚拟环境并激活虚拟环境（qlora-venv-py310-cu117）：
cd /home/guodong.li/virtual-venv
virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python3.10 qlora-venv-py310-cu117
source /home/guodong.li/virtual-venv/qlora-venv-py310-cu117/bin/activate
安装transformers、accelerate、peft库。
git clone https://github.com/huggingface/transformers.git
cd transformers
git checkout 8f093fb
pip install .
git clone https://github.com/huggingface/accelerate.git
cd accelerate/
git checkout 665d518
pip install .
git clone https://github.com/huggingface/peft.git
cd peft/
git checkout 189a6b8
pip install .
安装其他依赖库：
pip install -r requirements.txt
其中，requirements.txt内容如下：
bitsandbytes==0.39.0
einops==0.6.1
evaluate==0.4.0
scikit-learn==1.2.2
sentencepiece==0.1.99
tensorboardX
数据集准备
数据集直接使用[alpaca-lora]项目提供的alpaca_data.json、alpaca_data_cleaned_archive.json或alpaca_data_gpt4.json即可。
模型权重格式转换
首先，对原始的 LLaMA 30B/65B 大模型进行模型权重格式转换为Huggingface Transformers格式。模型转换的具体步骤请参考之前的文章：从0到1复现斯坦福羊驼（Stanford Alpaca 7B）。
本文会使用到 LLaMA 7B 和 65B 模型，需预先转换好。
模型微调
git clone https://github.com/artidoro/qlora.git
cd qlora
git checkout cc48811
python qlora.py \
--dataset "/data/nfs/guodong.li/data/alpaca_data_cleaned.json" \
--model_name_or_path "/data/nfs/guodong.li/pretrain/hf-llama-model/llama-7b" \
--output_dir "/home/guodong.li/output/llama-7b-qlora" \
--per_device_train_batch_size 1 \
--max_steps 1000 \
--save_total_limit 2
模型情况下，会将模型的不同层放置在不同层已进行模型并行。
模型训练过程：
python qlora.py \
> --dataset "/data/nfs/guodong.li/data/alpaca_data_cleaned.json" \
> --model_name_or_path "/data/nfs/guodong.li/pretrain/hf-llama-model/llama-7b" \
> --output_dir "/home/guodong.li/output/llama-7b-qlora" \
> --per_device_train_batch_size 1 \
> --max_steps 1000 \
> --save_total_limit 2
===================================BUG REPORT===================================
Welcome to bitsandbytes. For bug reports, please run
python -m bitsandbytes
and submit this information together with your error trace to: https://github.com/TimDettmers/bitsandbytes/issues
================================================================================
bin /home/guodong.li/virtual-venv/qlora-venv-py310-cu117/lib/python3.10/site-packages/bitsandbytes/libbitsandbytes_cuda117.so
/home/guodong.li/virtual-venv/qlora-venv-py310-cu117/lib/python3.10/site-packages/bitsandbytes/cuda_setup/main.py:149: UserWarning: WARNING: The following directories listed in your path were found to be non-existent: {PosixPath('/opt/rh/devtoolset-9/root/usr/lib/dyninst'), PosixPath('/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/lib/dyninst')}
warn(msg)
CUDA SETUP: CUDA runtime path found: /usr/local/cuda-11.7/lib64/libcudart.so.11.0
CUDA SETUP: Highest compute capability among GPUs detected: 8.0
CUDA SETUP: Detected CUDA version 117
CUDA SETUP: Loading binary /home/guodong.li/virtual-venv/qlora-venv-py310-cu117/lib/python3.10/site-packages/bitsandbytes/libbitsandbytes_cuda117.so...
Found a previous checkpoint at: /home/guodong.li/output/llama-7b-qlora/checkpoint-250
loading base model /data/nfs/guodong.li/pretrain/hf-llama-model/llama-7b...
The model weights are not tied. Please use the `tie_weights` method before using the `infer_auto_device` function.
Loading checkpoint shards: 100%|███████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 33/33 [00:17<00:00, 1.93it/s]
Loading adapters from checkpoint.
trainable params: 79953920.0 || all params: 3660320768 || trainable: 2.184341894267557
loaded model
Adding special tokens.
Found cached dataset json (/home/guodong.li/.cache/huggingface/datasets/json/default-3c2be6958ca766f9/0.0.0)
Loading cached split indices for dataset at /home/guodong.li/.cache/huggingface/datasets/json/default-3c2be6958ca766f9/0.0.0/cache-d071c407d9bc0de0.arrow and /home/guodong.li/.cache/huggingface/datasets/json/default-3c2be6958ca766f9/0.0.0/cache-e736a74b2c29e789.arrow
Loading cached processed dataset at /home/guodong.li/.cache/huggingface/datasets/json/default-3c2be6958ca766f9/0.0.0/cache-01d50099f3f094d7.arrow
torch.float32 422326272 0.11537932153507864
torch.uint8 3238002688 0.8846206784649213
{'loss': 1.4282, 'learning_rate': 0.0002, 'epoch': 0.0}
{'loss': 1.469, 'learning_rate': 0.0002, 'epoch': 0.01}
...
{'loss': 1.4002, 'learning_rate': 0.0002, 'epoch': 0.08}
{'loss': 1.4261, 'learning_rate': 0.0002, 'epoch': 0.08}
{'loss': 2.4323, 'learning_rate': 0.0002, 'epoch': 0.09}
25%|██████████████████████▎ | 250/1000 [25:34<1:10:31, 5.64s/it]Saving PEFT checkpoint...
{'loss': 1.6007, 'learning_rate': 0.0002, 'epoch': 0.09}
{'loss': 1.6187, 'learning_rate': 0.0002, 'epoch': 0.09}
...
{'loss': 1.6242, 'learning_rate': 0.0002, 'epoch': 0.16}
{'loss': 1.6073, 'learning_rate': 0.0002, 'epoch': 0.16}
{'loss': 1.6825, 'learning_rate': 0.0002, 'epoch': 0.17}
{'loss': 2.6283, 'learning_rate': 0.0002, 'epoch': 0.17}
50%|█████████████████████████████████████████████▌ | 500/1000 [50:44<49:21, 5.92s/it]Saving PEFT checkpoint...
{'loss': 1.619, 'learning_rate': 0.0002, 'epoch': 0.17}
{'loss': 1.5394, 'learning_rate': 0.0002, 'epoch': 0.18}
...
{'loss': 1.5247, 'learning_rate': 0.0002, 'epoch': 0.25}
{'loss': 1.6054, 'learning_rate': 0.0002, 'epoch': 0.25}
{'loss': 2.3289, 'learning_rate': 0.0002, 'epoch': 0.26}
75%|██████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████▊ | 750/1000 [1:15:27<23:37, 5.67s/it]Saving PEFT checkpoint...
{'loss': 1.6001, 'learning_rate': 0.0002, 'epoch': 0.26}
...
{'loss': 1.6287, 'learning_rate': 0.0002, 'epoch': 0.34}
{'loss': 2.3511, 'learning_rate': 0.0002, 'epoch': 0.34}
100%|████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 1000/1000 [1:42:08<00:00, 7.34s/it]Saving PEFT checkpoint...
{'train_runtime': 6132.3668, 'train_samples_per_second': 2.609, 'train_steps_per_second': 0.163, 'train_loss': 1.7447978076934814, 'epoch': 0.34}
100%|████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 1000/1000 [1:42:12<00:00, 6.13s/it]
Saving PEFT checkpoint...
***** train metrics *****
epoch = 0.34
train_loss = 1.7448
train_runtime = 1:42:12.36
train_samples_per_second = 2.609
train_steps_per_second = 0.163
模型输出权重文件：
tree -h llama-7b-qlora
llama-7b-qlora
├── [ 167] all_results.json
├── [ 316] checkpoint-1000
│ ├── [ 528] adapter_config.json
│ ├── [ 75] adapter_model
│ │ ├── [ 528] adapter_config.json
│ │ ├── [610M] adapter_model.bin
│ │ └── [ 27] README.md
│ ├── [610M] adapter_model.bin
│ ├── [ 21] added_tokens.json
│ ├── [3.1G] optimizer.pt
│ ├── [ 27] README.md
│ ├── [ 14K] rng_state.pth
│ ├── [ 627] scheduler.pt
│ ├── [ 96] special_tokens_map.json
│ ├── [ 742] tokenizer_config.json
│ ├── [488K] tokenizer.model
│ ├── [ 11K] trainer_state.json
│ └── [5.6K] training_args.bin
├── [ 316] checkpoint-750
│ ├── [ 528] adapter_config.json
│ ├── [ 75] adapter_model
│ │ ├── [ 528] adapter_config.json
│ │ ├── [610M] adapter_model.bin
│ │ └── [ 27] README.md
│ ├── [610M] adapter_model.bin
│ ├── [ 21] added_tokens.json
│ ├── [3.1G] optimizer.pt
│ ├── [ 27] README.md
│ ├── [ 14K] rng_state.pth
│ ├── [ 627] scheduler.pt
│ ├── [ 96] special_tokens_map.json
│ ├── [ 742] tokenizer_config.json
│ ├── [488K] tokenizer.model
│ ├── [8.0K] trainer_state.json
│ └── [5.6K] training_args.bin
├── [ 0] completed
├── [ 199] metrics.json
├── [ 11K] trainer_state.json
└── [ 167] train_results.json
4 directories, 35 files
显存占用：
> nvidia-smi
Sun Jun 11 19:32:39 2023
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 515.105.01 Driver Version: 515.105.01 CUDA Version: 11.7 |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU Name Persistence-M| Bus-Id Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap| Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. |
| | | MIG M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
| 0 NVIDIA A800 80G... Off | 00000000:34:00.0 Off | 0 |
| N/A 40C P0 66W / 300W | 3539MiB / 81920MiB | 0% Default |
| | | Disabled |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 1 NVIDIA A800 80G... Off | 00000000:35:00.0 Off | 0 |
| N/A 54C P0 77W / 300W | 3077MiB / 81920MiB | 24% Default |
| | | Disabled |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 2 NVIDIA A800 80G... Off | 00000000:36:00.0 Off | 0 |
| N/A 55C P0 75W / 300W | 3077MiB / 81920MiB | 8% Default |
| | | Disabled |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 3 NVIDIA A800 80G... Off | 00000000:37:00.0 Off | 0 |
| N/A 57C P0 81W / 300W | 3077MiB / 81920MiB | 14% Default |
| | | Disabled |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 4 NVIDIA A800 80G... Off | 00000000:9B:00.0 Off | 0 |
| N/A 60C P0 83W / 300W | 3077MiB / 81920MiB | 8% Default |
| | | Disabled |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 5 NVIDIA A800 80G... Off | 00000000:9C:00.0 Off | 0 |
| N/A 61C P0 228W / 300W | 3077MiB / 81920MiB | 25% Default |
| | | Disabled |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 6 NVIDIA A800 80G... Off | 00000000:9D:00.0 Off | 0 |
| N/A 53C P0 265W / 300W | 3077MiB / 81920MiB | 6% Default |
| | | Disabled |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 7 NVIDIA A800 80G... Off | 00000000:9E:00.0 Off | 0 |
| N/A 46C P0 78W / 300W | 6891MiB / 81920MiB | 12% Default |
| | | Disabled |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes: |
| GPU GI CI PID Type Process name GPU Memory |
| ID ID Usage |
|=============================================================================|
| 0 N/A N/A 37939 C python 2513MiB |
| 1 N/A N/A 37939 C python 2819MiB |
| 2 N/A N/A 37939 C python 2819MiB |
| 3 N/A N/A 37939 C python 2819MiB |
| 4 N/A N/A 37939 C python 2819MiB |
| 5 N/A N/A 37939 C python 2819MiB |
| 6 N/A N/A 37939 C python 2819MiB |
| 7 N/A N/A 37939 C python 3561MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
模型权重合并
新增模型权重合并文件（export_hf_checkpoint.py），将lora权重合并回原始权重。
import os
import torch
import transformers
from peft import PeftModel
from transformers import LlamaForCausalLM, LlamaTokenizer # noqa: F402
BASE_MODEL = os.environ.get("BASE_MODEL", None)
LORA_MODEL = os.environ.get("LORA_MODEL", "tloen/alpaca-lora-7b")
HF_CHECKPOINT = os.environ.get("HF_CHECKPOINT", "./hf_ckpt")
assert (
BASE_MODEL
), "Please specify a value for BASE_MODEL environment variable, e.g. `export BASE_MODEL=decapoda-research/llama-7b-hf`" # noqa: E501
tokenizer = LlamaTokenizer.from_pretrained(BASE_MODEL)
base_model = LlamaForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
BASE_MODEL,
#load_in_8bit=False,
torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
device_map={"": "cpu"},
)
first_weight = base_model.model.layers[0].self_attn.q_proj.weight
first_weight_old = first_weight.clone()
lora_model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(
base_model,
# TODO
# "tloen/alpaca-lora-7b",
LORA_MODEL,
#device_map={"": "cpu"},
#torch_dtype=torch.float16,
)
lora_weight = lora_model.base_model.model.model.layers[
0
].self_attn.q_proj.weight
assert torch.allclose(first_weight_old, first_weight)
# merge weights
for layer in lora_model.base_model.model.model.layers:
layer.self_attn.q_proj.merge_weights = True
layer.self_attn.v_proj.merge_weights = True
lora_model.train(False)
# did we do anything?
#assert not torch.allclose(first_weight_old, first_weight)
lora_model_sd = lora_model.state_dict()
deloreanized_sd = {
k.replace("base_model.model.", ""): v
for k, v in lora_model_sd.items()
if "lora" not in k
}
LlamaForCausalLM.save_pretrained(
base_model, HF_CHECKPOINT , state_dict=deloreanized_sd, max_shard_size="400MB"
)
接下来，就可以使用合并后的权重文件进行模型推理了。
模型推理
新增推理代码（inference.py）：
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, LlamaTokenizer
import torch
model_id = "/data/nfs/guodong.li/pretrain/hf-llama-model/llama-7b"
merge_model_id = "/home/guodong.li/output/llama-7b-merge"
#model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_id, load_in_4bit=True)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(merge_model_id, load_in_4bit=True, device_map="auto")
tokenizer = LlamaTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
#print(model)
device = torch.device("cuda:0")
#model = model.to(device)
text = "Hello, my name is "
inputs = tokenizer(text, return_tensors="pt").to(device)
outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=20, do_sample=True, top_k=30, top_p=0.85)
print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True))
print("\n------------------------------------------------\nInput: ")
line = input()
while line:
inputs = tokenizer(line, return_tensors="pt").to(device)
outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=20, do_sample=True, top_k=30, top_p=0.85)
print("Output: ",tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True))
print("\n------------------------------------------------\nInput: ")
line = input()
运行过程：
> CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=1 python inference.py
===================================BUG REPORT===================================
Welcome to bitsandbytes. For bug reports, please run
python -m bitsandbytes
and submit this information together with your error trace to: https://github.com/TimDettmers/bitsandbytes/issues
================================================================================
bin /home/guodong.li/virtual-venv/qlora-venv-py310-cu117/lib/python3.10/site-packages/bitsandbytes/libbitsandbytes_cuda117.so
/home/guodong.li/virtual-venv/qlora-venv-py310-cu117/lib/python3.10/site-packages/bitsandbytes/cuda_setup/main.py:149: UserWarning: WARNING: The following directories listed in your path were found to be non-existent: {PosixPath('/opt/rh/devtoolset-9/root/usr/lib/dyninst'), PosixPath('/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/lib/dyninst')}
warn(msg)
CUDA SETUP: CUDA runtime path found: /usr/local/cuda-11.7/lib64/libcudart.so
CUDA SETUP: Highest compute capability among GPUs detected: 8.0
CUDA SETUP: Detected CUDA version 117
CUDA SETUP: Loading binary /home/guodong.li/virtual-venv/qlora-venv-py310-cu117/lib/python3.10/site-packages/bitsandbytes/libbitsandbytes_cuda117.so...
The model weights are not tied. Please use the `tie_weights` method before using the `infer_auto_device` function.
Loading checkpoint shards: 100%|███████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 39/39 [00:07<00:00, 5.02it/s]
Hello, my name is 23 and i have been doing this for the last 6 months. I have been a great
------------------------------------------------
Input:
Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.\n\n### Instruction:\nGive three tips for staying healthy.\n\n### Input:\n\n\n### Response:
Output: Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.\n\n### Instruction:\nGive three tips for staying healthy.\n\n### Input:\n\n\n### Response: 1. Eat healthy food.\n2. Stay active.\n3. Eat
------------------------------------------------
Input:
显存占用：
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes: |
| GPU GI CI PID Type Process name GPU Memory |
| ID ID Usage |
|=============================================================================|
| 1 N/A N/A 21373 C python 5899MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
除此之外，还可以不进行合并权重，直接进行推理，具体如下所示。
新增推理代码（inference_qlora.py）：
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, LlamaTokenizer
import torch
from peft import PeftModel
model_id = "/data/nfs/guodong.li/pretrain/hf-llama-model/llama-7b"
lora_weights = "/home/guodong.li/output/llama-7b-qlora/checkpoint-1000/adapter_model"
#model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_id, load_in_4bit=True)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_id, load_in_4bit=True, device_map="auto")
model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(
model,
lora_weights,
)
tokenizer = LlamaTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
#print(model)
device = torch.device("cuda:0")
#model = model.to(device)
text = "Hello, my name is "
inputs = tokenizer(text, return_tensors="pt").to(device)
outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=20, do_sample=True, top_k=30, top_p=0.85)
print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True))
print("\n------------------------------------------------\nInput: ")
line = input()
while line:
inputs = tokenizer(line, return_tensors="pt").to(device)
outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=20, do_sample=True, top_k=30, top_p=0.85)
print("Output: ",tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True))
print("\n------------------------------------------------\nInput: ")
line = input()
显存占用：
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes: |
| GPU GI CI PID Type Process name GPU Memory |
| ID ID Usage |
|=============================================================================|
| 1 N/A N/A 10500 C python 7073MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
可以看到，此时的模型推理的显存占用会高于合并之后进行模型推理。
当然，将lora权重合并会base模型权重还可以通过merge_and_unload()方法，如下所示：
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_id, torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16, device_map="auto")
model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(
model,
lora_weights,
)
model = model.merge_and_unload()
前面仅对7B模型进行了尝试，而LLaMA-65B模型对于显存的占用效果如何呢，是否如官方所说仅需48G显存足矣了呢？带着疑问，接下来我们使用QLoRA对LLaMA-65B进行微调。
微调LLaMA-65B大模型
单GPU运行过程：
CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0 python qlora.py \
> --model_name_or_path /data/nfs/guodong.li/pretrain/hf-llama-model/llama-65b \
> --dataset /data/nfs/guodong.li/data/alpaca_data_cleaned.json \
> --output_dir /home/guodong.li/output/llama-65b-qlora \
> --logging_steps 10 \
> --save_strategy steps \
> --data_seed 42 \
> --save_steps 100 \
> --save_total_limit 2 \
> --evaluation_strategy steps \
> --eval_dataset_size 128 \
> --max_eval_samples 200 \
> --per_device_eval_batch_size 1 \
> --max_new_tokens 32 \
> --dataloader_num_workers 3 \
> --group_by_length \
> --logging_strategy steps \
> --remove_unused_columns False \
> --do_train \
> --do_eval \
> --do_mmlu_eval \
> --lora_r 64 \
> --lora_alpha 16 \
> --lora_modules all \
> --double_quant \
> --quant_type nf4 \
> --bf16 \
> --bits 4 \
> --warmup_ratio 0.03 \
> --lr_scheduler_type constant \
> --gradient_checkpointing \
> --source_max_len 16 \
> --target_max_len 512 \
> --per_device_train_batch_size 1 \
> --gradient_accumulation_steps 16 \
> --max_steps 200 \
> --eval_steps 50 \
> --learning_rate 0.0001 \
> --adam_beta2 0.999 \
> --max_grad_norm 0.3 \
> --lora_dropout 0.05 \
> --weight_decay 0.0 \
> --seed 0 \
> --report_to tensorboard
===================================BUG REPORT===================================
Welcome to bitsandbytes. For bug reports, please run
python -m bitsandbytes
and submit this information together with your error trace to: https://github.com/TimDettmers/bitsandbytes/issues
================================================================================
bin /home/guodong.li/virtual-venv/qlora-venv-py310-cu117/lib/python3.10/site-packages/bitsandbytes/libbitsandbytes_cuda117.so
/home/guodong.li/virtual-venv/qlora-venv-py310-cu117/lib/python3.10/site-packages/bitsandbytes/cuda_setup/main.py:149: UserWarning: WARNING: The following directories listed in your path were found to be non-existent: {PosixPath('/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/lib/dyninst'), PosixPath('/opt/rh/devtoolset-9/root/usr/lib/dyninst')}
warn(msg)
CUDA SETUP: CUDA runtime path found: /usr/local/cuda-11.7/lib64/libcudart.so
CUDA SETUP: Highest compute capability among GPUs detected: 8.0
CUDA SETUP: Detected CUDA version 117
CUDA SETUP: Loading binary /home/guodong.li/virtual-venv/qlora-venv-py310-cu117/lib/python3.10/site-packages/bitsandbytes/libbitsandbytes_cuda117.so...
loading base model /data/nfs/guodong.li/pretrain/hf-llama-model/llama-65b...
The model weights are not tied. Please use the `tie_weights` method before using the `infer_auto_device` function.
Loading checkpoint shards: 100%|█████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 81/81 [01:33<00:00, 1.16s/it]
adding LoRA modules...
trainable params: 399769600.0 || all params: 33705172992 || trainable: 1.1860778762206212
loaded model
Adding special tokens.
Found cached dataset json (/home/guodong.li/.cache/huggingface/datasets/json/default-3c2be6958ca766f9/0.0.0)
Loading cached split indices for dataset at /home/guodong.li/.cache/huggingface/datasets/json/default-3c2be6958ca766f9/0.0.0/cache-298a54784863252c.arrow and /home/guodong.li/.cache/huggingface/datasets/json/default-3c2be6958ca766f9/0.0.0/cache-e827ad98bd5ab470.arrow
Splitting train dataset in train and validation according to `eval_dataset_size`
Found cached dataset json (/home/guodong.li/.cache/huggingface/datasets/json/default-a08e5825b0ce557e/0.0.0/e347ab1c932092252e717ff3f949105a4dd28b27e842dd53157d2f72e276c2e4)
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torch.bfloat16 1323843584 0.039277144217520744
torch.uint8 32380026880 0.9606837249535352
torch.float32 1318912 3.913082894407767e-05
{'loss': 1.5995, 'learning_rate': 0.0001, 'epoch': 0.0}
{'loss': 1.6043, 'learning_rate': 0.0001, 'epoch': 0.01}
{'loss': 1.7943, 'learning_rate': 0.0001, 'epoch': 0.01}
{'loss': 1.9854, 'learning_rate': 0.0001, 'epoch': 0.01}
{'loss': 2.5809, 'learning_rate': 0.0001, 'epoch': 0.02}
{'eval_loss': 2.077033519744873, 'eval_runtime': 101.312, 'eval_samples_per_second': 1.263, 'eval_steps_per_second': 1.263, 'epoch': 0.02}
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{'loss': 1.5671, 'learning_rate': 0.0001, 'epoch': 0.04}
{'loss': 1.468, 'learning_rate': 0.0001, 'epoch': 0.04}
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100%|████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 200/200 [4:57:24<00:00, 38.35s/it]Saving PEFT checkpoint...
{'train_runtime': 17857.1127, 'train_samples_per_second': 0.179, 'train_steps_per_second': 0.011, 'train_loss': 1.7639566564559936, 'epoch': 0.07}
100%|████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 200/200 [4:57:37<00:00, 89.29s/it]
Saving PEFT checkpoint...
***** train metrics *****
epoch = 0.07
train_loss = 1.764
train_runtime = 4:57:37.11
train_samples_per_second = 0.179
train_steps_per_second = 0.011
100%|██████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 128/128 [01:40<00:00, 1.27it/s]
100%|████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 1531/1531 [38:35<00:00, 1.51s/it]
***** eval metrics *****
epoch = 0.07
eval_loss = 1.7985
eval_runtime = 0:01:42.39
eval_samples_per_second = 1.25
eval_steps_per_second = 1.25
显存占用：
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes: |
| GPU GI CI PID Type Process name GPU Memory |
| ID ID Usage |
|=============================================================================|
| 0 N/A N/A 16138 C python 44515MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
可以看到，对于显存的占用不到48G，当然使用QLoRA微调模型的速度要慢于使用LoRA进行微调。
下面是多GPU显存占用：
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes: |
| GPU GI CI PID Type Process name GPU Memory |
| ID ID Usage |
|=============================================================================|
| 0 N/A N/A 3810 C python 8359MiB |
| 1 N/A N/A 3810 C python 7531MiB |
| 2 N/A N/A 3810 C python 7531MiB |
| 3 N/A N/A 3810 C python 7531MiB |
| 4 N/A N/A 3810 C python 7531MiB |
| 5 N/A N/A 3810 C python 7531MiB |
| 6 N/A N/A 3810 C python 7531MiB |
| 7 N/A N/A 3810 C python 6607MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
可以看到，当使用8张GPU卡微调时，单卡GPU的显存占用不超过10G，这让很多消费级显卡可以轻松微调百亿级大模型了。
结语
本文讲述了高效微调技术QLoRA训练LLaMA大模型并讲述了如何进行推理。
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