OpenSceneGraph是一个开放源码,跨平台的图形开发包,它为诸如飞行器仿真,游戏,虚拟现实,科学计算可视化这样的高性能图形应用程序开发而设计。它基于场景图的概念,它提供一个在OpenGL之上的面向对象的框架,从而能把开发者从实现和优化底层图形的调用中解脱出来,并且它为图形应用程序的快速开发提供很多附加的实用工具。
NeHe
教程是目前针对初学者来说最好的
OpenGL
教程,它可以带领读者由浅入深,循序渐进地掌握
OpenGL
编程技巧。到目前为止
,
NeHe
教程一共有
48
节。我的计划是使用
OpenSceneGraph
来实现所有
48
节课程同样的效果。目的是
在回归OpenGL知识的同时,学习OpenSceneGraph。对于OpenScenGraph(以后简称osg)我自己掌握的并不是太好,希望借助教程的整体学习,对osg有一个更全面的了解,由于本人能力有限,特别是处于学习阶段,因此在代码中不可避免的存在一些不足,
我随时期待读者的指正和交流。转载请注明。谢谢。
在本系列教程中,我使用的是VisualStudio 2008作为开发环境,使用Qt4.8.3版本,OpenScenGraph使用的是3.2.0,建立的工程都是Qt Console类的工程
osg3.0后的版本在建立窗口时相对比较简单,因为osg引入了osgQt类库帮助我们建立Qt界面
对于需要将 OSG 嵌合到各式各样的GUI 系统(如MFC,Qt,wxWidgets 等)来
说,osg::GraphicsContext 类是经常要打交道的对象之一。一种常用的嵌入方式实现过程如下所示:
- osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext::Traits> traits = new osg::GraphicsContext::Traits;
- osg::ref_ptr<osg::Referenced> windata =
- new osgViewer::GraphicsWindowWin32::WindowData(hWnd);
- traits->x = 0;
- traits->y = 0;
- ……
- traits->inheritedWindowData = windata;
- osg::GraphicsContext* gc = osg::GraphicsContext::createGraphicsContext(traits.get());
- Camera* camera = viewer.getCamera();
- camera->setGraphicsContext(gc);
- ……
- viewer.setCamera(camera);
这个过程虽然比较繁杂,但是顺序还是十分清楚的:首先设置嵌入窗口的特性(Traits),
例如X、Y 位置,宽度和高度,以及父窗口的句柄(inheritedWindowData);然后根据特性
的设置创建一个新的图形设备上下文(GraphicsContext),将其赋予场景所用的摄像机。
由于使用的是Qt,因此首先使用Traits创建一个GraphicsWindowQt
- osg::DisplaySettings* ds = osg::DisplaySettings::instance().get();
- osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext::Traits> traits = new osg::GraphicsContext::Traits;
- traits->windowName = name;
- traits->windowDecoration = windowDecoration;
- traits->x = x;
- traits->y = y;
- traits->width = w;
- traits->height = h;
- traits->doubleBuffer = true;
- traits->alpha = ds->getMinimumNumAlphaBits();
- traits->stencil = ds->getMinimumNumStencilBits();
- traits->sampleBuffers = ds->getMultiSamples();
- traits->samples = ds->getNumMultiSamples();
- return new osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt(traits.get());
将创建好的GraphicsWindow设置给相机,同时设置相机的视口、投影参数、背景颜色
- osg::Camera* camera = this->getCamera();
- camera->setGraphicsContext( gw );
- const osg::GraphicsContext::Traits* traits = gw->getTraits();
- camera->setClearColor( osg::Vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0) );
- camera->setViewport( new osg::Viewport(0, 0, traits->width, traits->height) );
- camera->setProjectionMatrixAsPerspective(45.0f, static_cast<double>(traits->width)/static_cast<double>(traits->height), 0.1f, 100.0f );
最后声明窗体类,在这里我定义了渲染的窗体ViewerWidget继承于QWidget和osgViewer::Viewer,同时设置一个定时器,在定时器timeout的时候调用viewer的帧重绘函数。
最后在main函数中设置窗体的大小为640x480,编译并运行,一个如NeHe教程中黑色背景的窗口就出现了。
附:本课源码(源码可能存在错误和不足之处,仅供参考)
1.osgNeHe.h
- #ifdef _DEBUG
-
- #pragma comment(lib, "OpenThreadsd.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgd.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgAnimationd.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgDBd.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgFXd.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgGAd.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgManipulatord.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgParticled.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgQtd.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgShadowd.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgSimd.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgTerraind.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgTextd.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgUtild.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgViewerd.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgVolumed.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgWidgetd.lib")
-
- #else
-
- #pragma comment(lib, "OpenThreads.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osg.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgAnimation.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgDB.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgFX.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgGA.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgManipulator.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgParticle.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgQt.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgShadow.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgSim.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgTerrain.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgText.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgUtil.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgViewer.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgVolume.lib")
- #pragma comment(lib, "osgWidget.lib")
-
- #endif
2.main.cpp
- #include "../osgNeHe.h"
-
- #include <QtCore/QTimer>
- #include <QtGui/QApplication>
- #include <QtGui/QVBoxLayout>
-
- #include <osgViewer/Viewer>
- #include <osgDB/ReadFile>
- #include <osgQt/GraphicsWindowQt>
-
-
- class ViewerWidget : public QWidget, public osgViewer::Viewer
- {
- public:
- ViewerWidget(osg::Node *scene = NULL)
- {
- QWidget* renderWidget = getRenderWidget( createGraphicsWindow(0,0,100,100), scene);
-
- QVBoxLayout* layout = new QVBoxLayout;
- layout->addWidget(renderWidget);
- layout->setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 1);
- setLayout( layout );
-
- connect( &_timer, SIGNAL(timeout()), this, SLOT(update()) );
- _timer.start( 10 );
- }
-
- QWidget* getRenderWidget( osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt* gw, osg::Node* scene )
- {
- osg::Camera* camera = this->getCamera();
- camera->setGraphicsContext( gw );
-
- const osg::GraphicsContext::Traits* traits = gw->getTraits();
-
- camera->setClearColor( osg::Vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0) );
- camera->setViewport( new osg::Viewport(0, 0, traits->width, traits->height) );
- camera->setProjectionMatrixAsPerspective(45.0f, static_cast<double>(traits->width)/static_cast<double>(traits->height), 0.1f, 100.0f );
-
- this->setSceneData( scene );
-
- return gw->getGLWidget();
- }
-
- osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt* createGraphicsWindow( int x, int y, int w, int h, const std::string& name="", bool windowDecoration=false )
- {
- osg::DisplaySettings* ds = osg::DisplaySettings::instance().get();
- osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext::Traits> traits = new osg::GraphicsContext::Traits;
- traits->windowName = name;
- traits->windowDecoration = windowDecoration;
- traits->x = x;
- traits->y = y;
- traits->width = w;
- traits->height = h;
- traits->doubleBuffer = true;
- traits->alpha = ds->getMinimumNumAlphaBits();
- traits->stencil = ds->getMinimumNumStencilBits();
- traits->sampleBuffers = ds->getMultiSamples();
- traits->samples = ds->getNumMultiSamples();
-
- return new osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt(traits.get());
- }
-
- virtual void paintEvent( QPaintEvent* event )
- {
- frame();
- }
-
- protected:
-
- QTimer _timer;
- };
-
- int main( int argc, char** argv )
- {
- QApplication app(argc, argv);
- ViewerWidget* viewWidget = new ViewerWidget();
- viewWidget->setGeometry( 100, 100, 640, 480 );
- viewWidget->show();
- return app.exec();
- }