Linux中的可重入函数和不可重入函数

最新推荐文章于 2023-09-27 13:44:50 发布
最新推荐文章于 2023-09-27 13:44:50 发布
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        Linux中的可重入函数和不可重入函数            
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<p><strong><span style="font-size:24px; background-color:rgb(255,255,0)">可重入函数</span></strong></p>
<p></p>
<div style="margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height:19px; background-color:rgb(254,254,242)">
<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; line-height:1.5"><span style="font-size:18px"><strong>可重入函数（即可以被中断的函数）可以被一个以上的任务调用，而不担心数据破坏。可重入函数在任何时候都可以被中断，而一段时间之后又可以恢复运行，而相应的数据不会破坏或者丢失。</strong></span></span></div>
<div style="margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height:19px; background-color:rgb(254,254,242)">
<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; line-height:1.5"><span style="font-size:18px"><strong>可重入函数使用的变量有两种情况：</strong></span></span></div>
<div style="margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height:19px; background-color:rgb(254,254,242)">
<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; line-height:1.5"><span style="font-size:18px"><strong>1.使用局部变量，变量保存在CPU寄存器中或者堆栈中；</strong></span></span></div>
<div style="margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height:19px; background-color:rgb(254,254,242)">
<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; line-height:1.5"><span style="font-size:18px"><strong>2.使用全局变量，但是这时候要注意保护全局变量（防止任务中断后被其它任务改变变量）。</strong></span></span></div>
<div style="margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height:19px; background-color:rgb(254,254,242)">
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<div id="highlighter_642385" class="syntaxhighlighter  cpp" style="padding:0px; width:1066.78125px; margin:1em 0px!important; position:relative!important; overflow:auto!important; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)!important">
<div class="toolbar" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:11px!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:absolute!important; right:1px!important; top:1px!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:11px!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; z-index:10!important; color:rgb(255,255,255)!important">
<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; line-height:1.5"><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/sinaxyz/archive/2012/09/10/2679440.html#" class="toolbar_item command_help help" style="color:rgb(7,93,179); margin:0px!important; padding:1px 0px 0px!important; text-decoration:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:center!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; display:block!important"><span style="font-size:18px"><strong>?</strong></span></a></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid rgb(192,192,192); width:1066px; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">
<tbody style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<tr style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<td class="gutter" style="padding:3px; border:1px solid rgb(192,192,192); border-collapse:collapse; margin:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(175,175,175)!important; word-break:normal!important">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em 0px 1em!important; background-color:rgb(248,248,248)!important; border-width:0px 3px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>1</strong></span></div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em 0px 1em!important; border-width:0px 3px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>2</strong></span></div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em 0px 1em!important; background-color:rgb(248,248,248)!important; border-width:0px 3px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>3</strong></span></div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em 0px 1em!important; border-width:0px 3px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>4</strong></span></div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em 0px 1em!important; background-color:rgb(248,248,248)!important; border-width:0px 3px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>5</strong></span></div>
</td>
<td class="code" style="padding:3px; border:1px solid rgb(192,192,192); width:1038px; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; word-break:normal!important">
<div class="container" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:relative!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; background-color:rgb(248,248,248)!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong><code class="cpp keyword bold" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,0,255)!important">void</code>&nbsp;<code class="cpp functions bold" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(255,20,147)!important">strcpy</code><code class="cpp plain" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">(*dest,*src)</code></strong></span></div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<code class="cpp plain" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important"><span style="font-size:18px"><strong>｛</strong></span></code></div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; background-color:rgb(248,248,248)!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong><code class="cpp spaces" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code class="cpp keyword bold" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,0,255)!important">while</code><code class="cpp plain" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">(*
 dest++ = *src ++){;}</code></strong></span></div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong><code class="cpp spaces" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code class="cpp plain" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">*dest
 = NUL;</code></strong></span></div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; background-color:rgb(248,248,248)!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<code class="cpp plain" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important"><span style="font-size:18px"><strong>｝</strong></span></code></div>
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<div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
<div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; line-height:1.5"><span style="font-size:18px"><strong>分析：上面的函数用于字符串复制，而参数是存放在堆栈中的，故而改函数可以被多任务调用，而不必担心各个任务调用期间会互相破坏对方的指针。</strong></span></span></div>
<div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; line-height:1.5"><span style="font-size:18px"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></span></span></div>
<div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; line-height:1.5"><span style="font-size:18px"><strong>基本上下面的函数都是不可重入的：</strong></span></span></div>
<div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; line-height:1.5"><span style="font-size:18px"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.函数内使用了静态的数据。</strong></span></span></div>
<div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; line-height:1.5"><span style="font-size:18px"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.函数内使用了malloc（）或者free（）函数的。</strong></span></span></div>
<div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; line-height:1.5"><span style="font-size:18px"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.函数内调用了标准的I/O函数的。</strong></span></span></div>
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<div id="highlighter_763190" class="syntaxhighlighter  cpp" style="padding:0px; width:1066.78125px; margin:1em 0px!important; position:relative!important; overflow:auto!important; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)!important">
<div class="toolbar" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:11px!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:absolute!important; right:1px!important; top:1px!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:11px!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; z-index:10!important; color:rgb(255,255,255)!important">
<span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; line-height:1.5"><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/sinaxyz/archive/2012/09/10/2679440.html#" class="toolbar_item command_help help" style="color:rgb(7,93,179); margin:0px!important; padding:1px 0px 0px!important; text-decoration:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:center!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; display:block!important"><span style="font-size:18px"><strong>?</strong></span></a></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid rgb(192,192,192); width:1066px; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">
<tbody style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<tr style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<td class="gutter" style="padding:3px; border:1px solid rgb(192,192,192); border-collapse:collapse; margin:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(175,175,175)!important; word-break:normal!important">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em 0px 1em!important; background-color:rgb(248,248,248)!important; border-width:0px 3px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>1</strong></span></div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em 0px 1em!important; border-width:0px 3px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>2</strong></span></div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em 0px 1em!important; background-color:rgb(248,248,248)!important; border-width:0px 3px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>3</strong></span></div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em 0px 1em!important; border-width:0px 3px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>4</strong></span></div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em 0px 1em!important; background-color:rgb(248,248,248)!important; border-width:0px 3px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>5</strong></span></div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em 0px 1em!important; border-width:0px 3px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>6</strong></span></div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em 0px 1em!important; background-color:rgb(248,248,248)!important; border-width:0px 3px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>7</strong></span></div>
</td>
<td class="code" style="padding:3px; border:1px solid rgb(192,192,192); width:1038px; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; word-break:normal!important">
<div class="container" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:relative!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; background-color:rgb(248,248,248)!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong><code class="cpp color1 bold" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:gray!important">int</code>&nbsp;<code class="cpp plain" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">temp;</code></strong></span></div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong><code class="cpp spaces" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">&nbsp;</code><code class="cpp keyword bold" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,0,255)!important">void</code>&nbsp;<code class="cpp plain" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">swap(</code><code class="cpp color1 bold" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:gray!important">int</code>&nbsp;<code class="cpp plain" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">*ex1,</code><code class="cpp color1 bold" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:gray!important">int</code>&nbsp;<code class="cpp plain" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">*ex2)</code></strong></span></div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; background-color:rgb(248,248,248)!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<code class="cpp plain" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important"><span style="font-size:18px"><strong>｛</strong></span></code></div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong><code class="cpp spaces" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code class="cpp plain" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">temp
 = *ex1; </code><code class="cpp comments" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,130,0)!important">//(1)</code></strong></span></div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; background-color:rgb(248,248,248)!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong><code class="cpp spaces" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code class="cpp plain" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">*ex1
 = *ex2;</code></strong></span></div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong><code class="cpp spaces" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code class="cpp plain" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">*ex2
 = temp;</code></strong></span></div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2" style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; background-color:rgb(248,248,248)!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
<code class="cpp plain" style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:2em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:'Courier New',Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important"><span style="font-size:18px"><strong>｝</strong></span></code></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; line-height:1.5"><span style="font-size:18px"><strong>分析：该函数中的全局变量temp是的函数变成了一个不可重入的函数，因为在多任务系统中，假如在任务1中调用swap函数，而程序执行到（1）处时被中断，进而执行其它的任务2，而刚好任务2也调用了swap函数，则temp里存的值则会被任务2改变。从而回到任务1被中断处继续执行的时候，temp里存的值已经不再是原来存的temp值了，进而产生了错误。</strong></span></span></div>
<div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"><span style="font-size:18px"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></span></div>
<div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"><span style="font-size:18px"><strong>常用的可重入函数的方法有：</strong></span></div>
<div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"><span style="font-size:18px"><strong>1.不要使用全局变量，防止别的代码覆盖这些变量的值。</strong></span></div>
<div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
<div style="margin:0px; padding:0px">
<div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; line-height:1.5"><span style="font-size:18px"><strong>2.调用这类函数之前先关掉中断，调用完之后马上打开中断。防止函数执行期间被中断进入别的任务执行。</strong></span></span></div>
<div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; line-height:1.5"><span style="font-size:18px"><strong>3.使用信号量（互斥条件）。</strong></span></span></div>
<div style="margin:0px; padding:0px"><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px; line-height:1.5"><span style="margin:0px; padding:0px"><span style="font-size:18px"><strong>总之：要保证中断是安全的</strong></span></span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<p></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:24px; background-color:rgb(255,255,0)">不可重入函数</span></strong></p>
<p></p>
<p style="word-wrap:break-word; margin-top:5px; margin-bottom:5px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:宋体,Arial; line-height:26px; text-indent:2em">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>在多任务系统下，中断可能在任务执行的任何时间发生；如果一个函数的执行期间被中断后，到重新恢复到断点进行执行的过程中，函数所依赖的环境没有发生改变，那么这个函数就是可重入的，否则就<span style="word-wrap:break-word; background-color:rgb(160,255,255)">不可重入</span>。</strong></span></p>
<p style="word-wrap:break-word; margin-top:5px; margin-bottom:5px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:宋体,Arial; line-height:26px; text-indent:2em">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>在中断前后不都要保存和恢复上下文吗，怎么会出现函数所依赖的环境发生改变了呢？</strong></span></p>
<p style="word-wrap:break-word; margin-top:5px; margin-bottom:5px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:宋体,Arial; line-height:26px; text-indent:2em">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>我们知道中断时确实保存一些上下文，但是仅限于返回地址，cpu寄存器等之类的少量上下文，而函数内部使用的诸如全局或静态变量，buffer等并不在保护之列，所以如果这些值在函数被中断期间发生了改变，那么当函数回到断点继续执行时，其结果就不可预料了。</strong></span></p>
<p style="word-wrap:break-word; margin-top:5px; margin-bottom:5px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:宋体,Arial; line-height:26px; text-indent:2em">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>满足下面条件之一的多数是<span style="word-wrap:break-word; background-color:rgb(160,255,255)">不可重入</span>函数：</strong></span></p>
<p style="word-wrap:break-word; margin-top:5px; margin-bottom:5px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:宋体,Arial; line-height:26px; text-indent:2em">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>(1)使用了静态<a href="http://lib.csdn.net/base/31" class="replace_word" title="算法与数据结构知识库" target="_blank" style="color:#df3434; font-weight:bold;">数据结构</a>;</strong></span></p>
<p style="word-wrap:break-word; margin-top:5px; margin-bottom:5px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:宋体,Arial; line-height:26px; text-indent:2em">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>(2)调用了malloc或free;</strong></span></p>
<p style="word-wrap:break-word; margin-top:5px; margin-bottom:5px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:宋体,Arial; line-height:26px; text-indent:2em">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>(3)调用了标准I/O函数;</strong></span></p>
<p style="word-wrap:break-word; margin-top:5px; margin-bottom:5px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:宋体,Arial; line-height:26px; text-indent:2em">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>(4)进行了</strong></span><strong style="font-size:18px; text-indent:2em"><span style="word-wrap:break-word; background-color:rgb(255,255,102)">浮点</span>运算.</strong></p>
<p style="word-wrap:break-word; margin-top:5px; margin-bottom:5px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:宋体,Arial; line-height:26px; text-indent:2em">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></span></p>
<p style="word-wrap:break-word; margin-top:5px; margin-bottom:5px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:宋体,Arial; line-height:26px; text-indent:2em">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>malloc/free是<span style="word-wrap:break-word; background-color:rgb(160,255,255)">不可重入</span>的，它们使用了全局变量来指向空闲区；标准I/O库的很多实现都使用了全局数据结构; 许多的处理器/编译器中，<span style="word-wrap:break-word; background-color:rgb(255,255,102)">浮点</span>一般都是<span style="word-wrap:break-word; background-color:rgb(160,255,255)">不可重入</span>的
 (<span style="word-wrap:break-word; background-color:rgb(255,255,102)">浮点</span>运算大多使用协处理器或者软件模拟来实现)。</strong></span></p>
<p style="word-wrap:break-word; margin-top:5px; margin-bottom:5px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:宋体,Arial; line-height:26px; text-indent:2em">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></span></p>
<p style="word-wrap:break-word; margin-top:5px; margin-bottom:5px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:宋体,Arial; line-height:26px; text-indent:2em">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>在信号处理程序及多线程编程时，要特别注意。</strong></span></p>
<p style="word-wrap:break-word; margin-top:5px; margin-bottom:5px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:宋体,Arial; line-height:26px; text-indent:2em">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>考虑这种情况：</strong></span></p>
<p style="word-wrap:break-word; margin-top:5px; margin-bottom:5px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:宋体,Arial; line-height:26px; text-indent:2em">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>1) 信号处理程序A内外都调用了同一个<span style="word-wrap:break-word; background-color:rgb(160,255,255)">不可重入</span>函数B；B在执行期间被信号打断，进入A (A中调用了B),完事之后返回B被中断点继续执行，这时B函数的环境可能改变，其结果就不可预料了。</strong></span></p>
<p style="word-wrap:break-word; margin-top:5px; margin-bottom:5px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:宋体,Arial; line-height:26px; text-indent:2em">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>2) 多线程共享进程内部的资源，如果两个线程A，B调用同一个<span style="word-wrap:break-word; background-color:rgb(160,255,255)">不可重入</span>函数F，A线程进入F后，线程调度，切换到B，B也执行了F，那么当再次切换到线程A时，其调用F的结果也是不可预料的。</strong></span></p>
<p style="word-wrap:break-word; margin-top:5px; margin-bottom:5px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:宋体,Arial; line-height:26px; text-indent:2em">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>在信号处理程序中即使调用可重入函数也有问题要注意。作为一个通用的规则，当在信号处理程序中调用可重</strong></span></p>
<p style="word-wrap:break-word; margin-top:5px; margin-bottom:5px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:宋体,Arial; line-height:26px; text-indent:2em">
<span style="font-size:18px"><strong>入函数时，应当在其前保存errno，并在其后恢复errno。(要了解经常被捕捉到的信号是SIGCHLD，其信号处理程序通常要调用一种wait函数，而各种wait函数都能改变errno。)</strong></span></p>
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C++可重入函数和不可重入函数
Sunrise的博客
08-14 2994
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在Linux操作系统中，可重入函数（Reentrant Function）和不可重入函数（Non-reentrant Function）是编程中两个非常重要的概念，特别是在多线程和并发编程中。它们的特性决定了它们在处理并发请求时的行为差异，对于...
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【Linux】— 线程安全 VS可重入
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线程安全 VS 可重入什么是线程安全和可重入常见的线程不安全的情况(重点)常见的线程安全的情况(重点)常见的可重入情况常见不可重入的情况可重入与线程安全联系可重入与线程安全区别(重点) 什么是线程安全和可重入 ...
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Linux中stat函数和stat命令使用详解
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若一个程序或子程序可以安全的被并行执行，则称其为可重入（reentrant或re-entrant）的；即，当该子程序正在运行时，可以再次进入并执行它。若一个函数是可重入的，则该函数： 不能含有静态（全局）非常量数据。 不能返回静态（全局）非常量数据的地址。 只能处理由调用者提供的数据。 不能依赖于单实例模式资源的锁。 不能调用不可重入的函数。
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在上面的代码中，increment_counter() 函数是一个非可重入函数，因为它使用了全局变量 counter，并且每次调用都会修改它的值。在上面的代码中，increment() 函数是一个非可重入函数，因为它使用了静态变量 count，并且每次调用都会修改它的值。在上面的代码中，add_numbers() 函数是一个可重入函数，因为它不依赖全局状态或数据，并且不会修改任何共享资源。在上面的代码中，add() 函数是一个可重入函数，因为它不依赖全局状态或数据，并且不会修改任何共享资源。
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