【AI Agent系列】【LangGraph】2. 再进阶：给你的LangGraph加入循环逻辑（Cycles）

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今天我们继续学习 LangGraph 的基础内容。前面两篇文章我们学习了 LangGraph 的基本用法和条件分支，本文继续学习如何利用 LangGraph 实现一个环（循环）结构。

0. 完整代码

0.1 完整代码

还是先上完整代码，Demo代码参考这里：

from langchain_community.tools.tavily_search import TavilySearchResults

tools = [TavilySearchResults(max_results=1)]

from langgraph.prebuilt import ToolExecutor

tool_executor = ToolExecutor(tools)

from langchain_openai import ChatOpenAI

# We will set streaming=True so that we can stream tokens
# See the streaming section for more information on this.
model = ChatOpenAI(temperature=0)

from langchain.tools.render import format_tool_to_openai_function

functions = [format_tool_to_openai_function(t) for t in tools]
model = model.bind_functions(functions)

from typing import TypedDict, Annotated, Sequence
import operator
from langchain_core.messages import BaseMessage


class AgentState(TypedDict):
    messages: Annotated[Sequence[BaseMessage], operator.add]
    
from langgraph.prebuilt import ToolInvocation
import json
from langchain_core.messages import FunctionMessage

# Define the function that determines whether to continue or not
def should_continue(state):
    messages = state['messages']
    last_message = messages[-1]
    # If there is no function call, then we finish
    if "function_call" not in last_message.additional_kwargs:
        return "end"
    # Otherwise if there is, we continue
    else:
        return "continue"

# Define the function that calls the model
def call_model(state):
    messages = state['messages']
    response = model.invoke(messages)
    # We return a list, because this will get added to the existing list
    return {"messages": [response]}

# Define the function to execute tools
def call_tool(state):
    messages = state['messages']
    # Based on the continue condition
    # we know the last message involves a function call
    last_message = messages[-1]
    # We construct an ToolInvocation from the function_call
    action = ToolInvocation(
        tool=last_message.additional_kwargs["function_call"]["name"],
        tool_input=json.loads(last_message.additional_kwargs["function_call"]["arguments"]),
    )
    # We call the tool_executor and get back a response
    response = tool_executor.invoke(action)
    # We use the response to create a FunctionMessage
    function_message = FunctionMessage(content=str(response), name=action.tool)
    # We return a list, because this will get added to the existing list
    return {"messages": [function_message]}

from langgraph.graph import StateGraph, END
# Define a new graph
workflow = StateGraph(AgentState)

# Define the two nodes we will cycle between
workflow.add_node("agent", call_model)
workflow.add_node("action", call_tool)

# Set the entrypoint as `agent`
# This means that this node is the first one called
workflow.set_entry_point("agent")

# We now add a conditional edge
workflow.add_conditional_edges(
    # First, we define the start node. We use `agent`.
    # This means these are the edges taken after the `agent` node is called.
    "agent",
    # Next, we pass in the function that will determine which node is called next.
    should_continue,
    # Finally we pass in a mapping.
    # The keys are strings, and the values are other nodes.
    # END is a special node marking that the graph should finish.
    # What will happen is we will call `should_continue`, and then the output of that
    # will be matched against the keys in this mapping.
    # Based on which one it matches, that node will then be called.
    {
        # If `tools`, then we call the tool node.
        "continue": "action",
        # Otherwise we finish.
        "end": END
    }
)

# We now add a normal edge from `tools` to `agent`.
# This means that after `tools` is called, `agent` node is called next.
workflow.add_edge('action', 'agent')

# Finally, we compile it!
# This compiles it into a LangChain Runnable,
# meaning you can use it as you would any other runnable
app = workflow.compile()

from langchain_core.messages import HumanMessage

inputs = {"messages": [HumanMessage(content="what is the weather in sf")]}
response = app.invoke(inputs)

print(response)

0.2 运行前准备

官方给出的这个Demo程序，需要用到 Tavily API 的key。

需要大家去 这个地方 去自行申请一个。

申请完后，记得将该 API key 添加到你的环境变量中。

TAVILY_API_KEY = "tvly-xxxxxxxxxxx"

1. 代码详解

1.1 创建图 - StateGraph

首先是实例化一个 Graph，与前面用的 Graph 不同，前面用的是 MessageGraph，现在这个例子中用的是 StateGraph。

from langgraph.graph import StateGraph, END
# Define a new graph
workflow = StateGraph(AgentState)

MessageGraph 与 StateGraph 好像也没什么太大的区别：

1.2 添加节点 - node

# Define the two nodes we will cycle between
workflow.add_node("agent", call_model)
workflow.add_node("action", call_tool)

添加了两个节点：

• 初始节点 agent，用来调用大模型
• 节点 action，用来执行工具

1.3 添加边

# We now add a conditional edge
workflow.add_conditional_edges(
    "agent",
    should_continue,
    {
        # If `tools`, then we call the tool node.
        "continue": "action",
        "end": END
    }
)

workflow.add_edge('action', 'agent')

添加了一个条件边，一个普通边。

现在这个图结构应该是这样的：

看一下条件边的条件：should_continue

def should_continue(state):
    messages = state['messages']
    last_message = messages[-1]
    # If there is no function call, then we finish
    if "function_call" not in last_message.additional_kwargs:
        return "end"
    # Otherwise if there is, we continue
    else:
        return "continue"

就是判断是否有工具需要执行，如果有，则走 agent —> action 方向，如果没有，则走 agent —> END 方向。

1.4 总结

所以到这里，结构的实现已经比较清晰了，对比上一篇文章条件分支的代码，其实最主要变化的是这一句：

workflow.add_edge('action', 'agent')

由原来的 action —> END，变成了 action —> agent。

另外，还有一个要注意的点：

def call_model(state):
    messages = state['messages']
    response = model.invoke(messages)
    # We return a list, because this will get added to the existing list
    return {"messages": [response]}

在 model.invoke 时，注意 invoke 参数类型，messages = state['messages']，不是传state类型，而是里面的 messages 类型，也就是HumanMessage或AIMessage等类型。

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• 大家好，我是 同学小张，日常分享AI知识和实战案例
• 欢迎 点赞 + 关注 👏，持续学习，持续干货输出。
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