OpenCV图像转换

最新推荐文章于 2023-01-30 19:42:28 发布

isErik

最新推荐文章于 2023-01-30 19:42:28 发布

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分类专栏： OpenCV

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Coderii/article/details/105029703

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OpenCV图像转换

通道和深度

通道数

引用自link
1通道的是灰度图。

3通道的是彩色图像，比如RGB图像。

4通道的图像是RGBA，是RGB加上一个A通道，也叫alpha通道，表示透明度。PNG图像是一种典型的4通道图像。alpha通道可以赋值0到1，或者0到255，表示透明到不透明。

2通道的图像是RGB555和RGB565。2通道图在程序处理中会用到，如傅里叶变换，可能会用到，一个通道为实数，一个通道为虚数，主要是编程方便。RGB555是16位的，2个字节，5+6+5，第一字节的前5位是R，后三位+第二字节是G，第二字节后5位是B，可见对原图像进行压缩了。

深度

存储每个像素所用的位数

Mat支持的类型

使用cv::Mat::type()函数可以返回图像的类型。
第一列代表深度，第一行表示通道数。
在这里插入图片描述

图像读取 imread

cv::Mat img = cv::imread(“path”, flag);
其中flag的取值有：

//! Imread flags
enum ImreadModes {
       IMREAD_UNCHANGED            = -1, //!< If set, return the loaded image as is (with alpha channel, otherwise it gets cropped).
       IMREAD_GRAYSCALE            = 0,  //!< If set, always convert image to the single channel grayscale image (codec internal conversion).
       IMREAD_COLOR                = 1,  //!< If set, always convert image to the 3 channel BGR color image.
       IMREAD_ANYDEPTH             = 2,  //!< If set, return 16-bit/32-bit image when the input has the corresponding depth, otherwise convert it to 8-bit.
       IMREAD_ANYCOLOR             = 4,  //!< If set, the image is read in any possible color format.
       IMREAD_LOAD_GDAL            = 8,  //!< If set, use the gdal driver for loading the image.
       IMREAD_REDUCED_GRAYSCALE_2  = 16, //!< If set, always convert image to the single channel grayscale image and the image size reduced 1/2.
       IMREAD_REDUCED_COLOR_2      = 17, //!< If set, always convert image to the 3 channel BGR color image and the image size reduced 1/2.
       IMREAD_REDUCED_GRAYSCALE_4  = 32, //!< If set, always convert image to the single channel grayscale image and the image size reduced 1/4.
       IMREAD_REDUCED_COLOR_4      = 33, //!< If set, always convert image to the 3 channel BGR color image and the image size reduced 1/4.
       IMREAD_REDUCED_GRAYSCALE_8  = 64, //!< If set, always convert image to the single channel grayscale image and the image size reduced 1/8.
       IMREAD_REDUCED_COLOR_8      = 65, //!< If set, always convert image to the 3 channel BGR color image and the image size reduced 1/8.
       IMREAD_IGNORE_ORIENTATION   = 128 //!< If set, do not rotate the image according to EXIF's orientation flag.
     };

convertTo()

参考：iracer的CSDN博客
只用于变换图像深度，不改变通道数
void convertTo( OutputArray m, int rtype, double alpha=1, double beta=0 ) const;
参数：

    m       – 目标矩阵。如果m在运算前没有合适的尺寸或类型，将被重新分配。
    rtype – 目标矩阵的类型。因为目标矩阵的通道数与源矩阵一样，所以rtype也可以看做是目标矩阵的位深度。如果rtype为负值，目标矩阵和源矩阵将使用同样的类型。rtype取值为CV_8U,CV_8S,CV_16U,CV_16S,CV_32S,CV_32F,CV_64F
    alpha – 尺度变换因子，给每个元素乘上alphe（可选）。
    beta   – 附加到尺度变换后的值上的偏移量，给每个元素加上beta（可选）。

cvtColor()

void cvtColor( InputArray src, OutputArray dst, int code, int dstCn = 0 );
变换颜色空间，即各通道代表的颜色；

参数：
@param code color space conversion code (see #ColorConversionCodes).
code指示颜色空间的转换

@param dstCn number of channels in the destination image; if the parameter is 0, the number of the channels is derived automatically from src and code.
dstCn指示转换后的通道数。

一下2点有待验证：
1，实测时，当通道数不同的颜色空间转换时，会改变通道数，此时dstCn设定的通道数无效。
2，不改变深度类型，
code的取值：

enum ColorConversionCodes {
    COLOR_BGR2BGRA     = 0, //!< add alpha channel to RGB or BGR image
    COLOR_RGB2RGBA     = COLOR_BGR2BGRA,

    COLOR_BGRA2BGR     = 1, //!< remove alpha channel from RGB or BGR image
    COLOR_RGBA2RGB     = COLOR_BGRA2BGR,

    COLOR_BGR2RGBA     = 2, //!< convert between RGB and BGR color spaces (with or without alpha channel)
    COLOR_RGB2BGRA     = COLOR_BGR2RGBA,

    COLOR_RGBA2BGR     = 3,
    COLOR_BGRA2RGB     = COLOR_RGBA2BGR,

    COLOR_BGR2RGB      = 4,
    COLOR_RGB2BGR      = COLOR_BGR2RGB,

    COLOR_BGRA2RGBA    = 5,
    COLOR_RGBA2BGRA    = COLOR_BGRA2RGBA,

    COLOR_BGR2GRAY     = 6, //!< convert between RGB/BGR and grayscale, @ref color_convert_rgb_gray "color conversions"
    COLOR_RGB2GRAY     = 7,
    COLOR_GRAY2BGR     = 8,
    COLOR_GRAY2RGB     = COLOR_GRAY2BGR,
    COLOR_GRAY2BGRA    = 9,
    COLOR_GRAY2RGBA    = COLOR_GRAY2BGRA,
    COLOR_BGRA2GRAY    = 10,
    COLOR_RGBA2GRAY    = 11,

    COLOR_BGR2BGR565   = 12, //!< convert between RGB/BGR and BGR565 (16-bit images)
    COLOR_RGB2BGR565   = 13,
    COLOR_BGR5652BGR   = 14,
    COLOR_BGR5652RGB   = 15,
    COLOR_BGRA2BGR565  = 16,
    COLOR_RGBA2BGR565  = 17,
    COLOR_BGR5652BGRA  = 18,
    COLOR_BGR5652RGBA  = 19,

    COLOR_GRAY2BGR565  = 20, //!< convert between grayscale to BGR565 (16-bit images)
    COLOR_BGR5652GRAY  = 21,

    COLOR_BGR2BGR555   = 22,  //!< convert between RGB/BGR and BGR555 (16-bit images)
    COLOR_RGB2BGR555   = 23,
    COLOR_BGR5552BGR   = 24,
    COLOR_BGR5552RGB   = 25,
    COLOR_BGRA2BGR555  = 26,
    COLOR_RGBA2BGR555  = 27,
    COLOR_BGR5552BGRA  = 28,
    COLOR_BGR5552RGBA  = 29,

    COLOR_GRAY2BGR555  = 30, //!< convert between grayscale and BGR555 (16-bit images)
    COLOR_BGR5552GRAY  = 31,

    COLOR_BGR2XYZ      = 32, //!< convert RGB/BGR to CIE XYZ, @ref color_convert_rgb_xyz "color conversions"
    COLOR_RGB2XYZ      = 33,
    COLOR_XYZ2BGR      = 34,
    COLOR_XYZ2RGB      = 35,

    COLOR_BGR2YCrCb    = 36, //!< convert RGB/BGR to luma-chroma (aka YCC), @ref color_convert_rgb_ycrcb "color conversions"
    COLOR_RGB2YCrCb    = 37,
    COLOR_YCrCb2BGR    = 38,
    COLOR_YCrCb2RGB    = 39,

    COLOR_BGR2HSV      = 40, //!< convert RGB/BGR to HSV (hue saturation value), @ref color_convert_rgb_hsv "color conversions"
    COLOR_RGB2HSV      = 41,

    COLOR_BGR2Lab      = 44, //!< convert RGB/BGR to CIE Lab, @ref color_convert_rgb_lab "color conversions"
    COLOR_RGB2Lab      = 45,

    COLOR_BGR2Luv      = 50, //!< convert RGB/BGR to CIE Luv, @ref color_convert_rgb_luv "color conversions"
    COLOR_RGB2Luv      = 51,
    COLOR_BGR2HLS      = 52, //!< convert RGB/BGR to HLS (hue lightness saturation), @ref color_convert_rgb_hls "color conversions"
    COLOR_RGB2HLS      = 53,

    COLOR_HSV2BGR      = 54, //!< backward conversions to RGB/BGR
    COLOR_HSV2RGB      = 55,

    COLOR_Lab2BGR      = 56,
    COLOR_Lab2RGB      = 57,
    COLOR_Luv2BGR      = 58,
    COLOR_Luv2RGB      = 59,
    COLOR_HLS2BGR      = 60,
    COLOR_HLS2RGB      = 61,

    COLOR_BGR2HSV_FULL = 66,
    COLOR_RGB2HSV_FULL = 67,
    COLOR_BGR2HLS_FULL = 68,
    COLOR_RGB2HLS_FULL = 69,

    COLOR_HSV2BGR_FULL = 70,
    COLOR_HSV2RGB_FULL = 71,
    COLOR_HLS2BGR_FULL = 72,
    COLOR_HLS2RGB_FULL = 73,

    COLOR_LBGR2Lab     = 74,
    COLOR_LRGB2Lab     = 75,
    COLOR_LBGR2Luv     = 76,
    COLOR_LRGB2Luv     = 77,

    COLOR_Lab2LBGR     = 78,
    COLOR_Lab2LRGB     = 79,
    COLOR_Luv2LBGR     = 80,
    COLOR_Luv2LRGB     = 81,

    COLOR_BGR2YUV      = 82, //!< convert between RGB/BGR and YUV
    COLOR_RGB2YUV      = 83,
    COLOR_YUV2BGR      = 84,
    COLOR_YUV2RGB      = 85,

    //! YUV 4:2:0 family to RGB
    COLOR_YUV2RGB_NV12  = 90,
    COLOR_YUV2BGR_NV12  = 91,
    COLOR_YUV2RGB_NV21  = 92,
    COLOR_YUV2BGR_NV21  = 93,
    COLOR_YUV420sp2RGB  = COLOR_YUV2RGB_NV21,
    COLOR_YUV420sp2BGR  = COLOR_YUV2BGR_NV21,

    COLOR_YUV2RGBA_NV12 = 94,
    COLOR_YUV2BGRA_NV12 = 95,
    COLOR_YUV2RGBA_NV21 = 96,
    COLOR_YUV2BGRA_NV21 = 97,
    COLOR_YUV420sp2RGBA = COLOR_YUV2RGBA_NV21,
    COLOR_YUV420sp2BGRA = COLOR_YUV2BGRA_NV21,

    COLOR_YUV2RGB_YV12  = 98,
    COLOR_YUV2BGR_YV12  = 99,
    COLOR_YUV2RGB_IYUV  = 100,
    COLOR_YUV2BGR_IYUV  = 101,
    COLOR_YUV2RGB_I420  = COLOR_YUV2RGB_IYUV,
    COLOR_YUV2BGR_I420  = COLOR_YUV2BGR_IYUV,
    COLOR_YUV420p2RGB   = COLOR_YUV2RGB_YV12,
    COLOR_YUV420p2BGR   = COLOR_YUV2BGR_YV12,

    COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YV12 = 102,
    COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YV12 = 103,
    COLOR_YUV2RGBA_IYUV = 104,
    COLOR_YUV2BGRA_IYUV = 105,
    COLOR_YUV2RGBA_I420 = COLOR_YUV2RGBA_IYUV,
    COLOR_YUV2BGRA_I420 = COLOR_YUV2BGRA_IYUV,
    COLOR_YUV420p2RGBA  = COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YV12,
    COLOR_YUV420p2BGRA  = COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YV12,

    COLOR_YUV2GRAY_420  = 106,
    COLOR_YUV2GRAY_NV21 = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_420,
    COLOR_YUV2GRAY_NV12 = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_420,
    COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YV12 = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_420,
    COLOR_YUV2GRAY_IYUV = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_420,
    COLOR_YUV2GRAY_I420 = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_420,
    COLOR_YUV420sp2GRAY = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_420,
    COLOR_YUV420p2GRAY  = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_420,

    //! YUV 4:2:2 family to RGB
    COLOR_YUV2RGB_UYVY = 107,
    COLOR_YUV2BGR_UYVY = 108,
    //COLOR_YUV2RGB_VYUY = 109,
    //COLOR_YUV2BGR_VYUY = 110,
    COLOR_YUV2RGB_Y422 = COLOR_YUV2RGB_UYVY,
    COLOR_YUV2BGR_Y422 = COLOR_YUV2BGR_UYVY,
    COLOR_YUV2RGB_UYNV = COLOR_YUV2RGB_UYVY,
    COLOR_YUV2BGR_UYNV = COLOR_YUV2BGR_UYVY,

    COLOR_YUV2RGBA_UYVY = 111,
    COLOR_YUV2BGRA_UYVY = 112,
    //COLOR_YUV2RGBA_VYUY = 113,
    //COLOR_YUV2BGRA_VYUY = 114,
    COLOR_YUV2RGBA_Y422 = COLOR_YUV2RGBA_UYVY,
    COLOR_YUV2BGRA_Y422 = COLOR_YUV2BGRA_UYVY,
    COLOR_YUV2RGBA_UYNV = COLOR_YUV2RGBA_UYVY,
    COLOR_YUV2BGRA_UYNV = COLOR_YUV2BGRA_UYVY,

    COLOR_YUV2RGB_YUY2 = 115,
    COLOR_YUV2BGR_YUY2 = 116,
    COLOR_YUV2RGB_YVYU = 117,
    COLOR_YUV2BGR_YVYU = 118,
    COLOR_YUV2RGB_YUYV = COLOR_YUV2RGB_YUY2,
    COLOR_YUV2BGR_YUYV = COLOR_YUV2BGR_YUY2,
    COLOR_YUV2RGB_YUNV = COLOR_YUV2RGB_YUY2,
    COLOR_YUV2BGR_YUNV = COLOR_YUV2BGR_YUY2,

    COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YUY2 = 119,
    COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YUY2 = 120,
    COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YVYU = 121,
    COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YVYU = 122,
    COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YUYV = COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YUY2,
    COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YUYV = COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YUY2,
    COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YUNV = COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YUY2,
    COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YUNV = COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YUY2,

    COLOR_YUV2GRAY_UYVY = 123,
    COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YUY2 = 124,
    //CV_YUV2GRAY_VYUY    = CV_YUV2GRAY_UYVY,
    COLOR_YUV2GRAY_Y422 = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_UYVY,
    COLOR_YUV2GRAY_UYNV = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_UYVY,
    COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YVYU = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YUY2,
    COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YUYV = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YUY2,
    COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YUNV = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YUY2,

    //! alpha premultiplication
    COLOR_RGBA2mRGBA    = 125,
    COLOR_mRGBA2RGBA    = 126,

    //! RGB to YUV 4:2:0 family
    COLOR_RGB2YUV_I420  = 127,
    COLOR_BGR2YUV_I420  = 128,
    COLOR_RGB2YUV_IYUV  = COLOR_RGB2YUV_I420,
    COLOR_BGR2YUV_IYUV  = COLOR_BGR2YUV_I420,

    COLOR_RGBA2YUV_I420 = 129,
    COLOR_BGRA2YUV_I420 = 130,
    COLOR_RGBA2YUV_IYUV = COLOR_RGBA2YUV_I420,
    COLOR_BGRA2YUV_IYUV = COLOR_BGRA2YUV_I420,
    COLOR_RGB2YUV_YV12  = 131,
    COLOR_BGR2YUV_YV12  = 132,
    COLOR_RGBA2YUV_YV12 = 133,
    COLOR_BGRA2YUV_YV12 = 134,

    //! Demosaicing
    COLOR_BayerBG2BGR = 46,
    COLOR_BayerGB2BGR = 47,
    COLOR_BayerRG2BGR = 48,
    COLOR_BayerGR2BGR = 49,

    COLOR_BayerBG2RGB = COLOR_BayerRG2BGR,
    COLOR_BayerGB2RGB = COLOR_BayerGR2BGR,
    COLOR_BayerRG2RGB = COLOR_BayerBG2BGR,
    COLOR_BayerGR2RGB = COLOR_BayerGB2BGR,

    COLOR_BayerBG2GRAY = 86,
    COLOR_BayerGB2GRAY = 87,
    COLOR_BayerRG2GRAY = 88,
    COLOR_BayerGR2GRAY = 89,

    //! Demosaicing using Variable Number of Gradients
    COLOR_BayerBG2BGR_VNG = 62,
    COLOR_BayerGB2BGR_VNG = 63,
    COLOR_BayerRG2BGR_VNG = 64,
    COLOR_BayerGR2BGR_VNG = 65,

    COLOR_BayerBG2RGB_VNG = COLOR_BayerRG2BGR_VNG,
    COLOR_BayerGB2RGB_VNG = COLOR_BayerGR2BGR_VNG,
    COLOR_BayerRG2RGB_VNG = COLOR_BayerBG2BGR_VNG,
    COLOR_BayerGR2RGB_VNG = COLOR_BayerGB2BGR_VNG,

    //! Edge-Aware Demosaicing
    COLOR_BayerBG2BGR_EA  = 135,
    COLOR_BayerGB2BGR_EA  = 136,
    COLOR_BayerRG2BGR_EA  = 137,
    COLOR_BayerGR2BGR_EA  = 138,

    COLOR_BayerBG2RGB_EA  = COLOR_BayerRG2BGR_EA,
    COLOR_BayerGB2RGB_EA  = COLOR_BayerGR2BGR_EA,
    COLOR_BayerRG2RGB_EA  = COLOR_BayerBG2BGR_EA,
    COLOR_BayerGR2RGB_EA  = COLOR_BayerGB2BGR_EA,

    //! Demosaicing with alpha channel
    COLOR_BayerBG2BGRA = 139,
    COLOR_BayerGB2BGRA = 140,
    COLOR_BayerRG2BGRA = 141,
    COLOR_BayerGR2BGRA = 142,

    COLOR_BayerBG2RGBA = COLOR_BayerRG2BGRA,
    COLOR_BayerGB2RGBA = COLOR_BayerGR2BGRA,
    COLOR_BayerRG2RGBA = COLOR_BayerBG2BGRA,
    COLOR_BayerGR2RGBA = COLOR_BayerGB2BGRA,

    COLOR_COLORCVT_MAX  = 143
};