正则表达式的使用举例（附带说明R中sub函数的运用）

一、sub()函数的简单介绍

sub("b", "x", c("abbc", "bbcd", "cde"))
结果为 "axbc" "xbcd" "cde" ，只把一个b替换成x
gsub("b", "x", c("abbc", "bbcd", "cde"))
结果为 "axxc" "xxcd" "cde" ，把所有的b替换成x

sub("字符串1"，"字符串2"，c("待匹配内容")) 是将待匹配内容中的字符串1，替换成字符串2

二、正则表达式的使用

sub("^a","",c("abcd","dcba"))
#"bcd","dcba"
^匹配字符串的开始

sub("a$","",c("abcd","dcba"))
#"abcd","dcb"
$匹配字符串的结尾

sub("a.c","",c("abcd","sdacd"))
#"d","sdd"
.匹配除换行符以外的任意字符

sub("a*b","",c("aabcd","dcaaaba"))
#"cd","dca"
*将前面的一个字符进行0次或多次匹配

sub("a.*e","",c("abcde","edcba"))
#"","edcb"

sub("ab|ba","",c("abcd","dcba"))
#"cd","dc"
|表示逻辑的或

sub("[^ab]","",c("abcd","dcba"))
#"abd" "cba"
注：[^ab]匹配的是ab的补集，这里"abcd"除ab外是cd，因此将c变为""

sub("[ab]","",c("abcd","dcba"))
#"bcd" "dca"
注：[ab]是匹配包含ab在内的多个字符，"abcd"全部被匹配，只有第一个字符a被换成""

sub("[a-c]","",c("abcde","edcba"))
#"bcde","edba"
注：[a-c]表示匹配包含a,b,c的任意多个字符串

sub("[1-9]","",c("ab001","001ab"))
#"ab00" "00ab"
注：这里只匹配数字

sub("a.*b","",c("aabab","eabbe"))
#"","ee"
注：贪婪匹配，.*匹配的是b，而不是""，尽可能地多匹配

sub("a.*?b","",c("aabab","eabbe"))
#"ab","ebe"
注：非贪婪匹配，尽可能地少匹配