一、sub()函数的简单介绍
sub("b", "x", c("abbc", "bbcd", "cde"))
结果为 "axbc" "xbcd" "cde" ,只把一个b替换成x
gsub("b", "x", c("abbc", "bbcd", "cde"))
结果为 "axxc" "xxcd" "cde" ,把所有的b替换成x
sub("字符串1","字符串2",c("待匹配内容")) 是将待匹配内容中的字符串1,替换成字符串2
二、正则表达式的使用
sub("^a","",c("abcd","dcba"))
#"bcd","dcba"
^匹配字符串的开始
sub("a$","",c("abcd","dcba"))
#"abcd","dcb"
$匹配字符串的结尾
sub("a.c","",c("abcd","sdacd"))
#"d","sdd"
.匹配除换行符以外的任意字符
sub("a*b","",c("aabcd","dcaaaba"))
#"cd","dca"
*将前面的一个字符进行0次或多次匹配
sub("a.*e","",c("abcde","edcba"))
#"","edcb"
sub("ab|ba","",c("abcd","dcba"))
#"cd","dc"
|表示逻辑的或
sub("[^ab]","",c("abcd","dcba"))
#"abd" "cba"
注:[^ab]匹配的是ab的补集,这里"abcd"除ab外是cd,因此将c变为""
sub("[ab]","",c("abcd","dcba"))
#"bcd" "dca"
注:[ab]是匹配包含ab在内的多个字符,"abcd"全部被匹配,只有第一个字符a被换成""
sub("[a-c]","",c("abcde","edcba"))
#"bcde","edba"
注:[a-c]表示匹配包含a,b,c的任意多个字符串
sub("[1-9]","",c("ab001","001ab"))
#"ab00" "00ab"
注:这里只匹配数字
sub("a.*b","",c("aabab","eabbe"))
#"","ee"
注:贪婪匹配,.*匹配的是b,而不是"",尽可能地多匹配
sub("a.*?b","",c("aabab","eabbe"))
#"ab","ebe"
注:非贪婪匹配,尽可能地少匹配
sub("b", "x", c("abbc", "bbcd", "cde"))
结果为 "axbc" "xbcd" "cde" ,只把一个b替换成x
gsub("b", "x", c("abbc", "bbcd", "cde"))
结果为 "axxc" "xxcd" "cde" ,把所有的b替换成x
sub("字符串1","字符串2",c("待匹配内容")) 是将待匹配内容中的字符串1,替换成字符串2
二、正则表达式的使用
sub("^a","",c("abcd","dcba"))
#"bcd","dcba"
^匹配字符串的开始
sub("a$","",c("abcd","dcba"))
#"abcd","dcb"
$匹配字符串的结尾
sub("a.c","",c("abcd","sdacd"))
#"d","sdd"
.匹配除换行符以外的任意字符
sub("a*b","",c("aabcd","dcaaaba"))
#"cd","dca"
*将前面的一个字符进行0次或多次匹配
sub("a.*e","",c("abcde","edcba"))
#"","edcb"
sub("ab|ba","",c("abcd","dcba"))
#"cd","dc"
|表示逻辑的或
sub("[^ab]","",c("abcd","dcba"))
#"abd" "cba"
注:[^ab]匹配的是ab的补集,这里"abcd"除ab外是cd,因此将c变为""
sub("[ab]","",c("abcd","dcba"))
#"bcd" "dca"
注:[ab]是匹配包含ab在内的多个字符,"abcd"全部被匹配,只有第一个字符a被换成""
sub("[a-c]","",c("abcde","edcba"))
#"bcde","edba"
注:[a-c]表示匹配包含a,b,c的任意多个字符串
sub("[1-9]","",c("ab001","001ab"))
#"ab00" "00ab"
注:这里只匹配数字
sub("a.*b","",c("aabab","eabbe"))
#"","ee"
注:贪婪匹配,.*匹配的是b,而不是"",尽可能地多匹配
sub("a.*?b","",c("aabab","eabbe"))
#"ab","ebe"
注:非贪婪匹配,尽可能地少匹配