Transitions 例子

已于 2024-04-11 09:42:11 修改
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于 2024-04-01 19:14:58 首次发布
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/LWLGZY/article/details/137243294
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​

https://blog.csdn.net/lly1122334/article/details/124127799
https://github.com/pytransitions/transitions?tab=readme-ov-file#automatic-transitions-for-all-states

  1. 初试
from transitions import Machine


class Matter:
    states = ['solid', 'liquid', 'gas', 'plasma']  # 状态有固态、液态、气态、等离子态
    transitions = [
        {'trigger': 'melt', 'source': 'solid', 'dest': 'liquid'},
        {'trigger': 'evaporate', 'source': 'liquid', 'dest': 'gas'},
        {'trigger': 'sublimate', 'source': 'solid', 'dest': 'gas'},
        {'trigger': 'ionize', 'source': 'gas', 'dest': 'plasma'}
    ]

    def __init__(self):
        """不定型物体

        固态→熔化→液态
        液态→蒸发→气态
        固态→升华→气态
        气态→电离→等离子态
        """
        self.machine = Machine(model=self, states=Matter.states, transitions=Matter.transitions, initial='solid')


lump = Matter()
print(lump.state)  # solid
lump.melt()
print(lump.state)  # liquid
  1. 绘图1
from transitions.extensions import GraphMachine


class Matter:
    pass


states = ['solid', 'liquid', 'gas', 'plasma']
transitions = [
    {'trigger': 'melt', 'source': 'solid', 'dest': 'liquid'},
    {'trigger': 'evaporate', 'source': 'liquid', 'dest': 'gas'},
    {'trigger': 'sublimate', 'source': 'solid', 'dest': 'gas'},
    {'trigger': 'ionize', 'source': 'gas', 'dest': 'plasma'}
]
machine = GraphMachine(Matter(), states=states, transitions=transitions, initial='solid')
# machine = GraphMachine(lump, states=states, transitions=transitions, initial='solid', show_auto_transitions=True)  # 完整流程
machine.get_graph().draw('result.jpg', prog='dot')
  1. 绘图2
from transitions import Machine
from transitions.extensions import GraphMachine


def draw_machine(machine, filename='result.png'):
    """绘制有限状态机"""
    transitions = []
    for trigger, event in machine.events.items():
        for source, _transitions in event.transitions.items():
            for i in _transitions:
                transitions.append({'trigger': trigger, 'source': source, 'dest': i.dest})
    machine = GraphMachine(model=machine.model, states=list(machine.states.keys()), transitions=transitions,
                           initial=machine.initial)
    graph = machine.get_graph()
    graph.edge_attr['fontname'] = 'Microsoft Yahei'
    graph.node_attr['fontname'] = 'Microsoft Yahei'
    graph.graph_attr['fontname'] = 'Microsoft Yahei'
    graph.graph_attr['dpi'] = '300'  # 设置分辨率
    graph.graph_attr.pop('label')  # 删除标题
    graph.draw(filename, prog='dot')


class Matter:
    pass


states = ['solid', 'liquid', 'gas', 'plasma']
transitions = [
    {'trigger': 'melt', 'source': 'solid', 'dest': 'liquid'},
    {'trigger': 'evaporate', 'source': 'liquid', 'dest': 'gas'},
    {'trigger': 'sublimate', 'source': 'solid', 'dest': 'gas'},
    {'trigger': 'ionize', 'source': 'gas', 'dest': 'plasma'}
]
machine = Machine(Matter(), states=states, transitions=transitions, initial='solid', auto_transitions=False)
draw_machine(machine)
  1. 状态及检查懒方法修改前缀.py
from transitions import Machine


class Matter:
    def __init__(self):
        self.machine = Machine(model=self, states=['solid', 'liquid', 'gas'], initial='solid',
                               model_attribute='matter_state')



lump = Matter()
print(lump.matter_state)  # solid
print(lump.is_matter_state_solid())  # True
print(lump.to_matter_state_gas())  # True
  1. 枚举
from enum import Enum
from transitions import Machine


class States(Enum):
    ERROR = 0
    RED = 1
    YELLOW = 2
    GREEN = 3


transitions = [
    ['proceed', States.RED, States.YELLOW],
    ['proceed', States.YELLOW, States.GREEN],
    ['error', '*', States.ERROR]
]

m = Machine(states=States, transitions=transitions, initial=States.RED)
assert m.is_RED()
assert m.state is States.RED
state = m.get_state(States.RED)
print(state.name)  # RED
m.proceed()
m.proceed()
assert m.is_GREEN()
m.error()
assert m.state is States.ERROR

​6. 转换状态

from transitions import Machine


class Matter:
    pass


states = ['solid', 'liquid', 'gas', 'plasma']
transitions = [
    {'trigger': 'melt', 'source': 'solid', 'dest': 'liquid'},
    {'trigger': 'evaporate', 'source': 'liquid', 'dest': 'gas'},
    {'trigger': 'sublimate', 'source': 'solid', 'dest': 'gas'},
    {'trigger': 'ionize', 'source': 'gas', 'dest': 'plasma'}
]

lump = Matter()
machine = Machine(model=lump, states=states, transitions=transitions, initial='solid')
print(lump.state)  # 初始化状态为固态solid
print(machine.get_triggers('solid'))  # 获取固态的触发器（转换状态的函数）
lump.to_plasma()  # 尝试转换为等离子态
print(lump.state)  # 竟然成功了，实际上不能直接转换为等离子态
print()

lump = Matter()
machine = Machine(model=lump, states=states, transitions=transitions, initial='solid', auto_transitions=False)  # 禁止自动转换
print(lump.state)  # 初始化状态为固态solid
print(machine.get_triggers('solid'))  # 获取固态的触发器（转换状态的函数）
try:
    lump.to_plasma()  # 尝试转换为等离子态失败
    print(lump.state)
except Exception as e:
    print(e)
  1. 获取触发器（转换状态的函数）
from transitions import Machine


class Matter:
    pass


lump = Matter()
states = ['solid', 'liquid', 'gas', 'plasma']
transitions = [
    {'trigger': 'melt', 'source': 'solid', 'dest': 'liquid'},
    {'trigger': 'evaporate', 'source': 'liquid', 'dest': 'gas'},
    {'trigger': 'sublimate', 'source': 'solid', 'dest': 'gas'},
    {'trigger': 'ionize', 'source': 'gas', 'dest': 'plasma'}
]
machine = Machine(model=lump, states=states, transitions=transitions, ignore_invalid_triggers=True,
                  auto_transitions=False)  # 禁止自动转换

print(machine.get_triggers('solid'))
print(machine.get_triggers('liquid'))
print(machine.get_triggers('plasma'))
print(machine.get_triggers('solid', 'liquid', 'gas', 'plasma'))  # 一次获取多个
# ['melt', 'sublimate']
# ['evaporate']
# []
# ['melt', 'evaporate', 'sublimate', 'ionize']
  1. 获取转换逻辑.py
from transitions import Machine


def get_transitions(machine, auto_transitions=False):
    """获取转换逻辑"""
    transitions = []
    for trigger, event in machine.events.items():
        if auto_transitions == False and trigger.startswith('to_'):
            continue
        for source, _transitions in event.transitions.items():
            for i in _transitions:
                transitions.append({'trigger': trigger, 'source': source, 'dest': i.dest})
    return transitions


class Matter:
    pass


lump = Matter()
states = ['solid', 'liquid', 'gas', 'plasma']
transitions = [
    {'trigger': 'melt', 'source': 'solid', 'dest': 'liquid'},
    {'trigger': 'evaporate', 'source': 'liquid', 'dest': 'gas'},
    {'trigger': 'sublimate', 'source': 'solid', 'dest': 'gas'},
    {'trigger': 'ionize', 'source': 'gas', 'dest': 'plasma'}
]
machine = Machine(model=lump, states=states, transitions=transitions)
print(get_transitions(machine))
# [{'trigger': 'melt', 'source': 'solid', 'dest': 'liquid'}, {'trigger': 'evaporate', 'source': 'liquid', 'dest': 'gas'}, {'trigger': 'sublimate', 'source': 'solid', 'dest': 'gas'}, {'trigger': 'ionize', 'source': 'gas', 'dest': 'plasma'}]
  1. 批量添加状态转换
from transitions import Machine


class Matter:
    pass


lump = Matter()
states = ['solid', 'liquid', 'gas', 'plasma']
transitions = [
    {'trigger': 'melt', 'source': 'solid', 'dest': 'liquid'},
    {'trigger': 'evaporate', 'source': 'liquid', 'dest': 'gas'},
    {'trigger': 'sublimate', 'source': 'solid', 'dest': 'gas'},
    {'trigger': 'ionize', 'source': 'gas', 'dest': 'plasma'}
]
machine = Machine(model=lump, states=states, transitions=transitions, auto_transitions=False)  # 禁止自动转换
machine.add_transition('transmogrify', ['solid', 'liquid', 'gas'], 'plasma')  # 批量添加
machine.add_transition('to_liquid', '*', 'liquid')  # 批量添加
print(machine.get_triggers('solid'))
print(machine.get_triggers('liquid'))
print(machine.get_triggers('gas'))
print(machine.get_triggers('plasma'))
# ['melt', 'sublimate', 'transmogrify', 'to_liquid']
# ['evaporate', 'transmogrify', 'to_liquid']
# ['ionize', 'transmogrify', 'to_liquid']
# ['to_liquid']
  1. 自反转换
from transitions import Machine


class Matter:
    pass


def change_shape():
    print(1)


lump = Matter()
states = ['solid', 'liquid', 'gas', 'plasma']
transitions = [
    {'trigger': 'melt', 'source': 'solid', 'dest': 'liquid'},
    {'trigger': 'evaporate', 'source': 'liquid', 'dest': 'gas'},
    {'trigger': 'sublimate', 'source': 'solid', 'dest': 'gas'},
    {'trigger': 'ionize', 'source': 'gas', 'dest': 'plasma'}
]
machine = Machine(model=lump, states=states, transitions=transitions, initial='solid', auto_transitions=False)  # 禁止自动转换
machine.add_transition('touch', ['liquid', 'gas', 'plasma'], '=', after=change_shape)  # 自反转换，并在转换后调用某函数
print(machine.get_triggers('solid'))
print(machine.get_triggers('liquid'))
print(machine.get_triggers('gas'))
print(machine.get_triggers('plasma'))
print()
# ['melt', 'sublimate']
# ['evaporate', 'touch']
# ['ionize', 'touch']
# ['touch']

print(lump.state)
lump.melt()
print(lump.state)
lump.touch()
print(lump.state)
# solid
# liquid
# 1
# liquid
  1. 内部转换
from transitions import Machine


class Matter:
    pass


def change_shape():
    print(1)


lump = Matter()
states = ['solid', 'liquid', 'gas', 'plasma']
transitions = [
    {'trigger': 'melt', 'source': 'solid', 'dest': 'liquid'},
    {'trigger': 'evaporate', 'source': 'liquid', 'dest': 'gas'},
    {'trigger': 'sublimate', 'source': 'solid', 'dest': 'gas'},
    {'trigger': 'ionize', 'source': 'gas', 'dest': 'plasma'}
]
machine = Machine(model=lump, states=states, transitions=transitions, initial='solid', auto_transitions=False)  # 禁止自动转换
machine.add_transition('internal', ['liquid', 'gas'], None, after=change_shape)  # 自反转换，并在转换后调用某函数
print(machine.get_triggers('solid'))
print(machine.get_triggers('liquid'))
print(machine.get_triggers('gas'))
print(machine.get_triggers('plasma'))
print()
# ['melt', 'sublimate']
# ['evaporate', 'internal']
# ['ionize', 'internal']
# []

print(lump.state)
lump.melt()
print(lump.state)
lump.internal()

print(lump.state)
# solid
# liquid
# 1
# liquid
  1. 顺序转换
import random

from transitions import Machine


class Matter:
    pass


def check():
    success = random.randint(0, 1)
    if success:
        print('转换状态')
    else:
        print('不转换状态')
    return success


def f1():
    return check()


def f2():
    return check()


def f3():
    return check()


states = ['A', 'B', 'C']
machine = Machine(states=states, initial=states[0])

machine.add_ordered_transitions()
# machine.add_ordered_transitions(['A', 'C', 'B'])  # 指定顺序
# machine.add_ordered_transitions(conditions=check)  # 为进行转换必须通过的条件，True则转换状态
# machine.add_ordered_transitions(conditions=[f1, f2, f3])  # 同上，列表里的个数与states同，一一对应
# machine.add_ordered_transitions(loop=False)  # 禁止循环

for _ in range(4):  # 转换四次
    print(machine.state)
    machine.next_state()
    # A
    # B
    # C
    # A
  1. 队列转换.py
import random

from transitions import Machine


class Matter:
    pass


def go_to_C():
    global machine
    machine.to_C()


def after_advance():
    print('I am in state B now!')


def entering_C():
    print('I am in state C now!')


states = ['A', 'B', 'C']
machine = Machine(states=states, initial=states[0])
machine.add_transition('advance', 'A', 'B', after=after_advance)

print(machine.state)  # A
machine.on_enter_B(go_to_C)  # 转换为B时调用go_to_C
machine.on_enter_C(entering_C)  # 转换为C时调用entering_C
machine.advance()
print(machine.state)  # C
  1. 满足条件才转换状态
from transitions import Machine


class Matter:
    def is_flammable(self):
        """是否易燃物"""
        return False

    def is_really_hot(self):
        """高温"""
        return True


lump = Matter()
states = ['solid', 'liquid', 'gas', 'plasma']
transitions = [
    {'trigger': 'melt', 'source': 'solid', 'dest': 'liquid'},
    {'trigger': 'evaporate', 'source': 'liquid', 'dest': 'gas'},
    {'trigger': 'sublimate', 'source': 'solid', 'dest': 'gas'},
    {'trigger': 'ionize', 'source': 'gas', 'dest': 'plasma'}
]
machine = Machine(model=lump, states=states, transitions=transitions, initial='solid', auto_transitions=False)  # 禁止自动转换
machine.add_transition('heat', 'solid', 'gas', conditions='is_flammable')  # 加热时如果是易燃物会变气态
# machine.add_transition('heat', 'solid', 'gas', unless=['is_flammable', 'is_really_hot'])  # 加热时不易燃且不高温变气态
machine.add_transition('heat', 'solid', 'liquid', conditions=['is_really_hot'])  # 加热时如果高温会变液态

print(lump.state)
lump.heat()
print(lump.state)
# solid
# liquid
  1. 转换状态前后回调
from transitions import Machine


class Matter:
    def make_hissing_noises(self):
        print("HISSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS")

    def disappear(self):
        print("where'd all the liquid go?")


lump = Matter()
states = ['solid', 'liquid', 'gas', 'plasma']
transitions = [
    {'trigger': 'melt', 'source': 'solid', 'dest': 'liquid', 'before': 'make_hissing_noises'},
    {'trigger': 'evaporate', 'source': 'liquid', 'dest': 'gas', 'after': 'disappear'}
]
machine = Machine(model=lump, states=states, transitions=transitions, initial='solid')

print(lump.state)
lump.melt()
print(lump.state)
lump.evaporate()
print(lump.state)
# solid
# HISSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
# liquid
# where'd all the liquid go?
# gas

######################################################
import random
from transitions import Machine


class Matter:
    heat = False  # 是否沸腾
    attempts = 0  # 尝试次数

    def heat_up(self):
        """随机沸腾"""
        self.heat = random.random() < 0.25

    def count_attempts(self):
        self.attempts += 1

    def stats(self):
        print('It took you %i attempts to melt the lump!' % self.attempts)

    @property
    def is_really_hot(self):
        return self.heat


lump = Matter()
states = ['solid', 'liquid', 'gas', 'plasma']
transitions = [
    {'trigger': 'melt', 'source': 'solid', 'dest': 'liquid', 'prepare': ['heat_up', 'count_attempts'], 'conditions': 'is_really_hot', 'after': 'stats'},
]
machine = Machine(model=lump, states=states, transitions=transitions, initial='solid')

print(lump.state)
lump.melt()
lump.melt()
lump.melt()
lump.melt()
print(lump.state)
# solid
# It took you 4 attempts to melt the lump!
# liquid
  1. 状态机转换状态前后回调
from transitions import Machine


class Matter:
    def before(self):
        print('before')

    def after(self):
        print('after')

    def prepare(self):
        print('prepare')

    def before_state_change(self):
        print('before_state_change')

    def after_state_change(self):
        print('after_state_change')


lump = Matter()
states = ['solid', 'liquid', 'gas', 'plasma']
transitions = [
    {'trigger': 'melt', 'source': 'solid', 'dest': 'liquid',
     'before': 'before', 'after': 'after', 'prepare': 'prepare'},
]
machine = Machine(model=lump, states=states, transitions=transitions, initial='solid',
                  before_state_change='before_state_change', after_state_change='after_state_change')
lump.melt()
# prepare
# before_state_change
# before
# after
# after_state_change
  1. 异常处理
from transitions import Machine


class Matter:
    def raise_error(self, event):
        raise ValueError('Oh no')

    def prepare(self, event):
        print('I am ready!')

    def finalize(self, event):
        print('Result: ', type(event.error), event.error)


lump = Matter()
states = ['solid', 'liquid', 'gas', 'plasma']
machine = Machine(model=lump, states=states, prepare_event='prepare', before_state_change='raise_error',
                  finalize_event='finalize', send_event=True)
try:
    lump.to_gas()
except ValueError:
    pass
print(lump.state)
# I am ready!
# Result:  <class 'ValueError'> Oh no
# initial

##################################################################
from transitions import Machine


class Matter(object):
    def raise_error(self, event):
        raise ValueError('Oh no')

    def handle_error(self, event):
        print('Fixing things ...')
        del event.error  # 看不到就不会发生


states = ['solid', 'liquid', 'gas', 'plasma']

lump = Matter()
m = Machine(lump, states, before_state_change='raise_error', on_exception='handle_error', send_event=True)
try:
    lump.to_gas()
except ValueError:
    pass
print(lump.state)
# Fixing things ...
# initial
  1. 传递参数
from transitions import Machine


class Matter:
    def __init__(self):
        self.set_environment()

    def set_environment(self, temp=0, pressure=101.325):
        self.temp = temp
        self.pressure = pressure

    def print_temperature(self):
        print(f'Current temperature is {self.temp} degrees celsius.')

    def print_pressure(self):
        print(f'Current pressure is {self.pressure:.2f} kPa.')


lump = Matter()
machine = Machine(model=lump, states=['solid', 'liquid'], initial='solid')
machine.add_transition(trigger='melt', source='solid', dest='liquid', before='set_environment')

lump.melt(45)  # 相当于调用lump.trigger('melt', 45)
lump.print_temperature()
# Current temperature is 45 degrees celsius.

machine.set_state('solid')
lump.melt(pressure=300.23)
lump.print_pressure()
# Current pressure is 300.23 kPa.



from transitions import Machine


class Matter:
    def __init__(self):
        self.temp = 0
        self.pressure = 101.325

    def set_environment(self, event):
        self.temp = event.kwargs.get('temp', 0)
        self.pressure = event.kwargs.get('pressure', 101.325)

    def print_temperature(self):
        print(f'Current temperature is {self.temp} degrees celsius.')

    def print_pressure(self):
        print(f'Current pressure is {self.pressure:.2f} kPa.')


lump = Matter()
machine = Machine(model=lump, states=['solid', 'liquid'], initial='solid', send_event=True)
machine.add_transition(trigger='melt', source='solid', dest='liquid', before='set_environment')

lump.melt(temp=45)
lump.print_temperature()
# Current temperature is 45 degrees celsius.

machine.set_state('solid')
lump.melt(pressure=300.23)
lump.print_pressure()
# Current pressure is 300.23 kPa.
  1. 日志
import logging

from transitions import Machine


class Matter:
    pass


logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
logging.getLogger('transitions').setLevel(logging.INFO)
lump = Matter()
states = ['solid', 'liquid', 'gas', 'plasma']
transitions = [
    {'trigger': 'melt', 'source': 'solid', 'dest': 'liquid'},
    {'trigger': 'evaporate', 'source': 'liquid', 'dest': 'gas'},
    {'trigger': 'sublimate', 'source': 'solid', 'dest': 'gas'},
    {'trigger': 'ionize', 'source': 'gas', 'dest': 'plasma'}
]
machine = Machine(model=lump, states=states, transitions=transitions, initial='solid')
print(lump.state)
lump.melt()
print(lump.state)
# solid
# liquid
# INFO:transitions.core:Finished processing state solid exit callbacks.
# INFO:transitions.core:Finished processing state liquid enter callbacks.

执行顺序 prepare -> before->exit->enter->after

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目录(?)[-] Transitions-EverywhereAboutSimple exampleQuick startChangelog Transitions-Everywhere 项目地址：andkulikov/Transitions-Everywhere 简介：Backport of Android Transitions API for animatio
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到底css transition是什么，我们来看w3c的解释： CSS Transitions allow property changes in CSS values to occur smoothly over a specified duration. This smoothing animates the changing of a CSS value when triggered by
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开始使用 Transitions（过渡动画） (part 1)> * 原文链接 : Getting Started with Activity & Fragment Transitions (part 1) * 译者 : tiiime * 校对者: chaossss 开始使用 Transitions首先这篇文章主要介绍 Android 5.0 新加入的 Transition (过渡动画) A
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本篇文章的核心内容来了，上边介绍的各种效果基本上能够满足我们大部分的开发需求，但是，总有例外，当我们需要复杂的过渡效果的时候，这一小节的内容能够给你提供更多的思路比如， 在App中的各种样式的弹屏，翻页等等，你能想到的过渡都属于Transitions的范畴。当然我们这里只是演示了自定义这些过渡效果的核心思想。我们先做一个简单的例子，我们自定义一个过渡效果，类似与上边用到的opacity效果。写一个的扩展实现一个的静态类型返回值为，它接受两个参数，active和identity，分别表示开始和结束。
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官方网站的例子，摘自别人的博客。谢谢原博客的分享。http://blog.csdn.net/cocoa_geforce/article/details/6717377 http://developer.apple.com/iphone/library/samplecode/Reachability/Reachability.zip http://developer.apple.com/i...
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例子如果您希望通过示例学习，请查看examples目录，以了解一些演示了如何使用该库的Next.js应用程序。入门首先，安装软件包： npm install --save next-page-transitions接下来，确保您的应用程序具有自定义App组件...
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同时你需要使用将命名空间改为app 而不是android，下面是例子： xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"  app:duration="400">     app:fadingMode="fade_in">     app:targetId="@id/...
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React导航转换安装npm install...例子import { createStackNavigator } from 'react-navigation' ;import { fromLeft } from 'react-navigation-transitions' ;const appStack = createStackNavigator ( { ScreenA : {
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本资源用于QML方面的学习与交流! 实现方法如下： 圆形按钮的绘制 按钮控制定时器的启停 利用定时器进行状态转换 交通灯效果的实现 利用行为属性动画实现按钮的放缩效果
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u014374826的博客
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Ubuntu 18.04 安装 PCL 1.14.1
2024 年最新基于 LLOneBot NT 框架搭建 QQ 机器人详细教程（更新中）
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llonebot（LLOneBot）是一个与OneBot（也称为CQHTTP）协议兼容的机器人框架，它允许开发者使用不同的编程语言（如Python、Go、JavaScript等）编写机器人应用，并与各种支持 OneBot 协议的聊天平台（如QQ、Telegram、Discord等）进行交互。onebot 11 背景。
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我走的每一步都算数
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让一个类继承另一个类后，就可以添加区分子类和父类所需的新属性和新方法了。class Car:class ElectricCar(Car): # 继承Carself.battery = 85 # 新属性mycar = ElectricCar(2024, 'Au', 'A7') # 创建实例mycar.prt_battery() # 新方法熟悉Python 提供的选项，这样才能确定哪种组织方式是最佳的，并能理解别人开发的项目。
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使用的数据集来自PTB心电图数据库，包括14552个心电图记录，包括两类：正常心跳和异常心跳，采样频率为125Hz。
那为什么state不和下面的transitions合并呢
06-11
可以的，以下是一个假想的例子，假设 Python 支持使用 `tm` 关键字来定义图灵机，并且支持使用空格来简化符号的定义，同时将状态和转移函数合并在一起： ```python # 定义一个图灵机，用于将二进制数翻转 tm turing...

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