第P1周：Pytorch实现mnist手写数字识别

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>- **🍖 原作者：[K同学啊](https://mtyjkh.blog.csdn.net/)**

📌第P1周：实现mnist手写数字识别📌

• 一、环境

1. 语言环境：Python3.8
2. 编译器：pycharm
3. 深度学习环境：torch：2.2.1 torchvision：0.17.1

• 二、前期准备

• 1、导入库，设置GPU

• • import torch
    import torch.nn as nn
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    import torchvision
    
    # 设置硬件设备，如果有GPU则使用，没有则使用cpu
    device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
    

 2、导入数据

train_dataset = torchvision.datasets.MNIST('data',
                                          train=True,
                                          transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor(),
                                          download=True)
test_dataset = torchvision.datasets.MNIST('data',
                                          train=False,
                                          transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor(),
                                          download=True)

batch_size = 32

train_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset,
                                      batch_size=batch_size,
                                      shuffle=True)
test_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_dataset,
                                      batch_size=batch_size)


# 取一个批次查看数据格式
# 数据的shape为：[batch_size, channel, height, weight]
# 其中batch_size是自己设定的，channel,height和weight分别是图片的通道数，高度和宽度。
imgs, labels = next(iter(train_dl))
imgs.shape

3、数据可视化

import numpy as np

 # 指定图片大小，图像大小为20宽、5高的绘图(单位为英寸inch)
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 5)) 
for i, img in enumerate(imgs[:20]):# 取出imgs前20张图
    # 维度缩减
    npimg = np.squeeze(img.numpy())
    # 将整个figure分成2行10列，在Matplotlib中，子图的索引是从1开始的，而不是从0开始，所以是i+1
    plt.subplot(2, 10, i+1)
    plt.imshow(npimg, cmap=plt.cm.binary)
    plt.axis('off')
    plt.show()

三、搭建CNN网络

import torch.nn.functional as F

num_classes = 10  # 图片的类别数

class Model(nn.Module):
     def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
         # 特征提取网络
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 32, kernel_size=3)  # 第一层卷积,卷积核大小为3*3
        self.pool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(2)                  # 设置池化层，池化核大小为2*2
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(32, 64, kernel_size=3) # 第二层卷积,卷积核大小为3*3   
        self.pool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(2) 
                                      
        # 分类网络
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(1600, 64)          
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(64, num_classes)
     # 前向传播
     def forward(self, x):
        x = self.pool1(F.relu(self.conv1(x)))     
        x = self.pool2(F.relu(self.conv2(x)))

        x = torch.flatten(x, start_dim=1)

        x = F.relu(self.fc1(x))
        x = self.fc2(x)
       
        return x

from torchinfo import summary
model = Model().to(device)
summary(model)

四、训练模型

1、设置超参数

loss_fn    = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() # 创建损失函数
learn_rate = 1e-2 # 学习率
opt        = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(),lr=learn_rate)

2、编写训练函数

# 训练循环
def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer):
    size = len(dataloader.dataset)  # 训练集的大小，一共60000张图片
    num_batches = len(dataloader)   # 批次数目，1875（60000/32）

    train_loss, train_acc = 0, 0  # 初始化训练损失和正确率
    
    for X, y in dataloader:  # 获取图片及其标签
        X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
        
        # 计算预测误差
        pred = model(X)          # 网络输出
        loss = loss_fn(pred, y)  # 计算网络输出和真实值之间的差距，targets为真实值，计算二者差值即为损失
        
        # 反向传播
        optimizer.zero_grad()  # grad属性归零
        loss.backward()        # 反向传播
        optimizer.step()       # 每一步自动更新
        
        # 记录acc与loss
        train_acc  += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item()
        train_loss += loss.item()
            
    train_acc  /= size
    train_loss /= num_batches

    return train_acc, train_loss

3、编写测试函数

def test (dataloader, model, loss_fn):
    size        = len(dataloader.dataset)  # 测试集的大小，一共10000张图片
    num_batches = len(dataloader)          # 批次数目，313（10000/32=312.5，向上取整）
    test_loss, test_acc = 0, 0
    
    # 当不进行训练时，停止梯度更新，节省计算内存消耗
    with torch.no_grad():
        for imgs, target in dataloader:
            imgs, target = imgs.to(device), target.to(device)
            
            # 计算loss
            target_pred = model(imgs)
            loss        = loss_fn(target_pred, target)
            
            test_loss += loss.item()
            test_acc  += (target_pred.argmax(1) == target).type(torch.float).sum().item()

    test_acc  /= size
    test_loss /= num_batches

    return test_acc, test_loss

4、正式训练

epochs     = 5
train_loss = []
train_acc  = []
test_loss  = []
test_acc   = []

for epoch in range(epochs):
    model.train()
    epoch_train_acc, epoch_train_loss = train(train_dl, model, loss_fn, opt)
    
    model.eval()
    epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, model, loss_fn)
    
    train_acc.append(epoch_train_acc)
    train_loss.append(epoch_train_loss)
    test_acc.append(epoch_test_acc)
    test_loss.append(epoch_test_loss)
    
    template = ('Epoch:{:2d}, Train_acc:{:.1f}%, Train_loss:{:.3f}, Test_acc:{:.1f}%，Test_loss:{:.3f}')
    print(template.format(epoch+1, epoch_train_acc*100, epoch_train_loss, epoch_test_acc*100, epoch_test_loss))
print('Done')

输出结果：

五、结果可视化

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#隐藏警告
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")               #忽略警告信息
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']    = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False      # 用来正常显示负号
plt.rcParams['figure.dpi']         = 100        #分辨率

epochs_range = range(epochs)

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 3))
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)

plt.plot(epochs_range, train_acc, label='Training Accuracy')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_acc, label='Test Accuracy')
plt.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')

plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_loss, label='Training Loss')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_loss, label='Test Loss')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')

六、个人总结

第一次完整的敲项目代码，很多函数的含义还需要琢磨琢磨。