Modern OpenGL---07抽象化VertexBuffer和IndexBuffer

这节课将原本在主函数中的对创建的VertexBuffer和IndexBuffer抽象成一个类，逐渐C++化。

值得注意的是，主函数中需要额外添加一对“{}”，来防止由GLCall()导致的死循环。

目录结构

代码
main.cpp

#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>

#include "Renderer.h"

#include "VertexBuffer.h"
#include "IndexBuffer.h"


struct ShaderProgramSource
{
	std::string VertexSource;
	std::string FragmentSouce;
};

static ShaderProgramSource ParseShader(const std::string &filepath)
{
	std::ifstream stream(filepath);

	enum class ShaderType
	{
		NONE = -1, VERTEX = 0, FRAGMENT = 1
	};


	std::string line;
	std::stringstream ss[2];
	ShaderType type = ShaderType::NONE;
	while (getline(stream, line))
	{
		if (line.find("#shader") != std::string::npos)
		{
			if (line.find("vertex") != std::string::npos)
			{
				type = ShaderType::VERTEX;
			}
			else if (line.find("fragment") != std::string::npos)
			{
				type = ShaderType::FRAGMENT;
			}
		}
		else
		{
			ss[(int)type] << line << "\n";
		}
	}

	return { ss[0].str(), ss[1].str() };
}

static unsigned int CompiledShader(unsigned int type, const std::string &source)
{
	unsigned int id = glCreateShader(type);								//创建一个着色器
	const char* src = source.c_str();
	glShaderSource(id, 1, &src, nullptr);
	glCompileShader(id);												//编译着色器里的程序代码

	/*这是一些错误处理*/
	int result;
	glGetShaderiv(id, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &result);
	if (result == GL_FALSE)
	{
		int length;
		glGetShaderiv(id, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &length);
		char *message = (char*)alloca(length * sizeof(char));
		glGetShaderInfoLog(id, length, &length, message);
		std::cout << "Failed to compile " << (type == GL_VERTEX_SHADER ? "vertex" : "fragment") << " shader" << std::endl;
		std::cout << message << std::endl;
		glDeleteShader(id);
		return 0;
	}

	return id;
}

static unsigned int CreateShader(const std::string &vertexShader, const std::string& fragmentShader)
{
	unsigned int program = glCreateProgram();
	unsigned int vs = CompiledShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vertexShader);
	unsigned int fs = CompiledShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragmentShader);

	//把两个编译好的着色器连接到同一个程序里面
	glAttachShader(program, vs);
	glAttachShader(program, fs);
	//链接程序（把程序放到显卡上？）
	glLinkProgram(program);
	//验证程序（非必要？）
	//glValidateProgram(program);

	glDeleteShader(vs);
	glDeleteShader(fs);

	return program;
}

static void ParsePLY(const std::string filename, std::vector<float> &positions, std::vector<unsigned int> &indices)
{
	std::ifstream fin(filename);
	std::string str = "";
	int pointNum;
	while (str != "vertex")
	{
		fin >> str;
	}
	fin >> pointNum;

	while (str != "end_header")
	{
		fin >> str;
	}

	int cnt = 0;
	while (cnt < pointNum)
	{
		for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
		{
			float pos;
			fin >> pos;
			positions.emplace_back(pos);
		}
		
		cnt++;
	}

	while (!fin.eof())
	{
		unsigned int idx;
		fin >> idx;
		for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
		{
			fin >> idx;
			indices.emplace_back(idx);
		}
	}
}

int main(void)
{
	glewInit();

	/* Initialize the library */
	if (!glfwInit())
		return -1;

	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);

	GLFWwindow* window;

	/* Create a windowed mode window and its OpenGL context */
	window = glfwCreateWindow(640, 480, "Hello World", NULL, NULL);
	if (!window)
	{
		glfwTerminate();
		return -1;
	}

	/* Make the window's context current */
	glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

	if (glewInit() != GLEW_OK)
		std::cout << "ERROR!" << std::endl;

	std::cout << glGetString(GL_VERSION) << std::endl;
	{ //为什么不加这个括号，就会导致无限循环呢
		float positions[] = {
			-0.5f, -0.5f, // 0
			 0.5f, -0.5f, // 1
			 0.5f,  0.5f, // 2
			-0.5f,  0.5f, // 3
		};

		unsigned int indices[] = {
			0, 1, 2,
			2, 3, 0
		};

		unsigned int vao;
		GLCall(glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao));
		GLCall(glBindVertexArray(vao));

		VertexBuffer vb(positions, 8 * sizeof(float));

		/*接下来启用顶点着色器*/
		glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);															//设置顶点着色器属性为坐标位置
		//参数分别为坐标属性的索引，每个顶点有2个元素，元素的类型，不需要normalized，步长（每个顶点元素的内存大小），指针的偏移量
		glVertexAttribPointer(0, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(float) * 2, 0);

		IndexBuffer ib(indices, 6);

		ShaderProgramSource source = ParseShader("basic.shader");

		unsigned int shader = CreateShader(source.VertexSource, source.FragmentSouce);
		glUseProgram(shader);

		int location = glGetUniformLocation(shader, "u_Color");
		ASSERT(location != -1);
		GLCall(glUniform4f(location, 0.8f, 0.3f, 0.8f, 1.0f));

		GLCall(glBindVertexArray(0));
		GLCall(glUseProgram(0));
		GLCall(glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0));
		GLCall(glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0));

		float r = 0.0f;
		float increment = 0.05f;
		/* Loop until the user closes the window */
		while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
		{
			/* Render here */
			glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

			GLCall(glUseProgram(shader));
			GLCall(glUniform4f(location, r, 0.3, 0.8, 1.0));

			/*GLCall(glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer));
			GLCall(glEnableVertexAttribArray(0));
			GLCall(glVertexAttribPointer(0, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(float) * 2, 0));*/

			GLCall(glBindVertexArray(vao));
			ib.Bind();

			GLCall(glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, nullptr));

			if (r < 0)
				increment = 0.05f;
			else if (r > 1)
				increment = -0.05f;
			r += increment;

			/* Swap front and back buffers */
			glfwSwapBuffers(window);

			/* Poll for and process events */
			glfwPollEvents();
		}

		glDeleteProgram(shader);
	}
	glfwTerminate();
	return 0;
}

VertexBuffer.h

#pragma once

class VertexBuffer
{
private:
	unsigned int m_RendererID;
public:
	VertexBuffer(const void* data, unsigned int size);
	~VertexBuffer();

	void Bind() const;
	void UnBind() const;
};

VertexBuffer.cpp

#include "VertexBuffer.h"

#include "Renderer.h"

VertexBuffer::VertexBuffer(const void* data, unsigned int size)
{
	glGenBuffers(1, &m_RendererID);																//创建一个缓存
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_RendererID);													//绑定缓存
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, size, data, GL_STATIC_DRAW);			//为缓存填充数据
}

VertexBuffer::~VertexBuffer()
{
	GLCall(glDeleteBuffers(1, &m_RendererID));
}

void VertexBuffer::Bind() const 
{
	GLCall(glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_RendererID));
}

void VertexBuffer::UnBind() const
{
	GLCall(glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0));
}

IndexBuffer.h

#pragma once

class IndexBuffer
{
private:
	unsigned int m_RendererID;
	unsigned int m_Count;
public:
	IndexBuffer(const unsigned int* data, unsigned int count);
	~IndexBuffer();

	void Bind() const;
	void UnBind() const;

	inline unsigned int GetCount() const { return m_Count; }
};

IndexBuffer.cpp

#include "IndexBuffer.h"

#include "Renderer.h"

IndexBuffer::IndexBuffer(const unsigned int* data, unsigned int count)
	: m_Count(count)
{
	ASSERT(sizeof(unsigned int) == sizeof(GLuint));

	glGenBuffers(1, &m_RendererID);																//创建一个缓存
	glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_RendererID);													//绑定缓存
	glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, count * sizeof(unsigned int), data, GL_STATIC_DRAW);			//为缓存填充数据
}

IndexBuffer::~IndexBuffer()
{
	GLCall(glDeleteBuffers(1, &m_RendererID));
}

void IndexBuffer::Bind() const 
{
	GLCall(glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_RendererID));
}

void IndexBuffer::UnBind() const 
{
	GLCall(glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0));
}

Renderer.h

#include "Renderer.h"

#include <iostream>

void GLClearError()
{
	while (glGetError() != GL_NO_ERROR); //用于清空之前的error
}

bool GLLogCall(const char* function, const char* file, int line)
{
	while (GLenum error = glGetError()) //改成 if 也可以吧，有什么区别吗
	{
		std::cout << "[OpenGL Error] (" << error << "): " << function <<
			" " << file << ":" << line << std::endl;
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}