Unity3D | 智能牧师与魔鬼

P&D 过河游戏智能帮助实现，程序具体要求：

• 实现状态图的自动生成
• 讲解图数据在程序中的表示方法
• 利用算法实现下一步的计算

游戏状态

游戏过程实际上是游戏状态之间的转换，状态记录的内容包括：

public class IState {
    public int leftPriests;
    public int leftDevils;
    public int rightPriests;
    public int rightDevils;
    public bool boat;//船在左岸true或右案false
    public IState parent;//上一个状态
}

• 初始状态

  public static IState state = new IState(0, 0, 3, 3, false, null);
  

• 结束状态

  public static IState endState = new IState(3, 3, 0, 0, true, null);
  

状态转换

游戏中我们可以通过点击移动人物和船来改变状态，一个状态向下一个状态的所有动作行为包括：

• 船在左岸
  • 单人过河
    • 牧师过河
    • 魔鬼过河
  • 双人过河
    • 牧师 + 牧师过河
    • 牧师 + 魔鬼过河
    • 魔鬼 + 魔鬼过河
• 船在右岸
  • 单人过河
    • 牧师过河
    • 魔鬼过河
  • 双人过河
    • 牧师 + 牧师过河
    • 牧师 + 魔鬼过河
    • 魔鬼 + 魔鬼过河

思路就是根据当前的状态和当前状态可能的下一个状态，找到能达到终点状态的一条路径。可以用BFS来实现：

1. 当前状态进入队列。

2. 队列不为空：

   • 队头出队。

   • 访问状态节点。

     • 结束：回溯至开始状态输出
     • 没有结束：计算下一个合法状态并压入队列。

public static IState bfs(IState start, IState end) {
      Queue<IState> found = new Queue<IState>();
      Queue<IState> visited = new Queue<IState>();
      IState temp = new IState(start.leftPriests, start.leftDevils, start.rightPriests, start.rightDevils, start.boat, null);//当前开始状态
      found.Enqueue(temp);//进入队列

      while (found.Count > 0) {//队列不为空
        temp = found.Peek();//队头出队
        if (temp == end) {//结束，回溯到开始状态并返回
          while (temp.parent != start) {
            temp = temp.parent;
          }
          return temp;
        }
        found.Dequeue();
        visited.Enqueue(temp);
        //计算下一个合法状态
        //在左岸
        if (temp.boat) {
          //移动一个牧师
          if (temp.leftPriests > 0) {
            IState next = new IState(temp);
            next.parent = new IState(temp);
            next.boat = false;
            next.leftPriests--;
            next.rightPriests++;
            if (next.valid() && !visited.Contains(next) && !found.Contains(next)) {
              found.Enqueue(next);
            }
          }
          //移动一个魔鬼
          if (temp.leftDevils > 0) {
            IState next = new IState(temp);
            next.parent = new IState(temp);
            next.boat = false;
            next.leftDevils--;
            next.rightDevils++;
            if (next.valid() && !visited.Contains(next) && !found.Contains(next)) {
              found.Enqueue(next);
            }
          }
          //移动1魔鬼1牧师
          if (temp.leftDevils > 0 && temp.leftDevils > 0) {
            IState next = new IState(temp);
            next.parent = new IState(temp);
            next.boat = false;
            next.leftPriests--;
            next.leftDevils--;
            next.rightPriests++;
            next.rightDevils++;
            if (next.valid() && !visited.Contains(next) && !found.Contains(next)) {
              found.Enqueue(next);
            }
          }
          //移动两个魔鬼
          if (temp.leftDevils > 1) {
            IState next = new IState(temp);
            next.parent = new IState(temp);
            next.boat = false;
            next.leftDevils -= 2;
            next.rightDevils += 2;
            if (next.valid() && !visited.Contains(next) && !found.Contains(next)) {
              found.Enqueue(next);
            }
          }
          //移动两个牧师
          if (temp.leftPriests > 1) {
            IState next = new IState(temp);
            next.parent = new IState(temp);
            next.boat = false;
            next.leftPriests -= 2;
            next.rightPriests += 2;
            next.parent = new IState(temp);
            if (next.valid() && !visited.Contains(next) && !found.Contains(next)) {
              found.Enqueue(next);
            }
          }
        } else {//在右岸
          //移动一个牧师
          if (temp.rightPriests > 0) {
            IState next = new IState(temp);
            next.parent = new IState(temp);
            next.boat = true;
            next.rightPriests--;
            next.leftPriests++;
            if (next.valid() && !visited.Contains(next) && !found.Contains(next)) {
              found.Enqueue(next);
            }
          }
          //移动一个魔鬼
          if (temp.rightDevils > 0) {
            IState next = new IState(temp);
            next.parent = new IState(temp);
            next.boat = true;
            next.rightDevils--;
            next.leftDevils++;
            if (next.valid() && !visited.Contains(next) && !found.Contains(next)) {
              found.Enqueue(next);
            }
          }
          //移动1魔鬼1牧师
          if (temp.rightDevils > 0 && temp.rightDevils > 0) {
            IState next = new IState(temp);
            next.parent = new IState(temp);
            next.boat = true;
            next.rightPriests--;
            next.rightDevils--;
            next.leftPriests++;
            next.leftDevils++;
            if (next.valid() && !visited.Contains(next) && !found.Contains(next)) {
              found.Enqueue(next);
            }
          }
          //移动两个魔鬼
          if (temp.rightDevils > 1) {
            IState next = new IState(temp);
            next.parent = new IState(temp);
            next.boat = true;
            next.rightDevils -= 2;
            next.leftDevils += 2;
            if (next.valid() && !visited.Contains(next) && !found.Contains(next)) {
              found.Enqueue(next);
            }
          }
          //移动两个牧师
          if (temp.rightPriests > 1) {
            IState next = new IState(temp);
            next.parent = new IState(temp);
            next.boat = true;
            next.rightPriests -= 2;
            next.leftPriests += 2;
            if (next.valid() && !visited.Contains(next) && !found.Contains(next)) {
              found.Enqueue(next);
            }
          }
        }
      }
      return null;
    }

获取游戏状态

最后在点击过河的时候获取当前游戏状态。

void OnMouseDown() {
	if (gameObject.name == "boat") {
		action.moveBoat ();
		int from_priest = controller.fromCoast.getCharacterNum()[0];
    int from_devil = controller.fromCoast.getCharacterNum()[1];
    int to_priest = controller.toCoast.getCharacterNum()[0];
    int to_devil = controller.toCoast.getCharacterNum()[1];
    bool location = controller.boat.get_to_or_from() ==-1  ? true : false;
    int[] boatCount = controller.boat.getCharacterNum ();
		if (location) {	// boat at toCoast
			to_priest += boatCount[0];
			to_devil += boatCount[1];
		} else {	// boat at fromCoast
			from_priest += boatCount[0];
			from_devil += boatCount[1];
		}
    state = new IState(to_priest, to_devil, from_priest, from_devil, location , null);
	} else {
		action.characterIsClicked (characterController);
	}
}

演示视频

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