记录---实函数对复变量求导公式推导

向量运算中,需要运用到实函数对复变量求导的公式,如下

假设有一实函数f(z),z为一复变量,可表示为z=x+jy。则有如下公式

\frac{\partial f(z)}{\partial z}=\frac{1}{2}\left ( \frac{\partial f(z)}{\partial x}-j\frac{\partial f(z)}{\partial y}\right )

\frac{\partial f(z)}{\partial z^{*}}=\frac{1}{2}\left ( \frac{\partial f(z)}{\partial x}+j\frac{\partial f(z)}{\partial y}\right )


话不多说,推导公式如下:

定义z=x+jyx,y\epsilon R。则

f(z)=F(x,y)=U(x,y)+jV(x,y)

求导可得

dF=\frac{\partial F(x,y)}{\partial x}dx+\frac{\partial F(x,y)}{\partial y}dy

dF= \frac{\partial U(x,y)}{\partial x}dx+j\frac{\partial V(x,y)}{\partial x}dx+\frac{\partial U(x,y)}{\partial y}dy+j\frac{\partial V(x,y)}{\partial y}    (1-1)

由于

\left\{\begin{matrix} dz=dx+jdy\\dz^{*}=dx-jdy \end{matrix}\right.

\left\{\begin{matrix} dx=\frac{1}{2}(dz+dz^{*})\\ dy=\frac{1}{2j}(dz-dz^{*}) \end{matrix}\right.

将上式带入(1-1)可得

\begin{align*}dF&=\frac{1}{2}\left [\frac{\partial U(x,y)}{\partial x} +\frac{\partial V(x,y)}{\partial y} +j\left ( \frac{\partial V(x,y)}{\partial x} -\frac{\partial U(x,y)}{\partial y} \right ) \right ]dz \\ &+ \frac{1}{2}\left [\frac{\partial U(x,y)}{\partial x} -\frac{\partial V(x,y)}{\partial y} +j\left ( \frac{\partial V(x,y)}{\partial x} +\frac{\partial U(x,y)}{\partial y} \right ) \right ]dz^{*} \end{align*}

\begin{align*} dF&= \frac{1}{2}\left [\frac{\partial }{\partial x} (U(x,y)+jV(x,y))-j\frac{\partial }{\partial y} (U(x,y)+jV(x,y))\right ]dz\\ &+\frac{1}{2}\left [\frac{\partial }{\partial x} (U(x,y)+jV(x,y))+j\frac{\partial }{\partial y} (U(x,y)+jV(x,y))\right ]dz^{*} \end{align*}

dF=\frac{1}{2}(\frac{\partial }{\partial x}-j\frac{\partial }{\partial y})F(x,y)dz+\frac{1}{2}(\frac{\partial }{\partial x}+j\frac{\partial }{\partial y})F(x,y)dz^{*}

此处引入一个定理,一个复值函数f(z)的求导可以表示为

df=\frac{\partial f(z)}{\partial z}dz+\frac{\partial f(z)}{\partial z^{*}}dz^{*}

对比上面两式,可以得出结论

\frac{\partial f(z)}{\partial z}=\frac{1}{2}\left ( \frac{\partial f(z)}{\partial x}-j\frac{\partial f(z)}{\partial y}\right )

\frac{\partial f(z)}{\partial z^{*}}=\frac{1}{2}\left ( \frac{\partial f(z)}{\partial x}+j\frac{\partial f(z)}{\partial y}\right )

推到完毕


参考   https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/doc/631019/631019.pdf

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