Ubuntu新机环境配置大全

此贴为工具贴，供大佬们快速配置新机

实用gnome插件

gnome插件环境+剪贴板管理器

sudo apt install gnome-tweaks

sudo apt install gnome-shell-extensions

sudo apt-get install chrome-gnome-shell

装好之后重启，火狐或chrome浏览器打开这个网址，里面有各种实用小插件。
剪贴板管理器功能强大，可以记录并收藏保存剪贴板内容，在需要的时候随时调用。截图插件也很好用
音频输入输出选择
System Monitor系统状态监视器
可以在顶部状态栏显示CPU，内存，网速等信息。

sudo apt-get install python3-psutil curl git gir1.2-appindicator3-0.1
git clone https://gitee.com/cybermadman/indicator-sysmonitor.git
cd indicator-sysmonitor
sudo make install
indicator-sysmonitor &

或者

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fossfreedom/indicator-sysmonitor
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install indicator-sysmonitor

indicator-sysmonitor

配置可以写成这个

{net}  |  CPU: {cpu}  {cputemp}  |  GPU:  {nvgpu}  {nvgputemp}  |  RAM: {mem}  |  DISK: {fs///}

or

{net}  |  CPU: {cpu}  {cputemp} |  RAM: {mem}  |  DISK: {fs///}

---

---

加载本地库

我们安装的C++库默认是没有注册到环境变量里面的，用下面这行命令加进去：
先进入root用户

sudo su

写入环境变量

echo "/usr/local/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf

刷新生效

ldconfig

sudo apt install make

sudo apt install gcc

sudo apt install g++

好用的终端软件

sudo apt install guake

sudo apt install terminator

一行安装ROS

wget http://fishros.com/install -O fishros && bash fishros

一行安装ZMQ

sudo apt-get install libzmq3-dev

一行安装显卡驱动

用这个，一键安装最新稳定版显卡驱动，最不容易出错的方法。

sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

重启，输入指令测试：

nvidia-smi

如果没有显示上面的画面，那就是有问题，打开 软件与更新 手动选择其他版本的驱动：

安装Kvaser驱动（智驾相关）

安装依赖

sudo apt install libxml2-dev
sudo apt install libssl-dev zlib1g-dev
sudo apt install build-essential

安装CANLIB

cd ~

wget --content-disposition "https://www.kvaser.com/downloads-kvaser/?utm_source=software&utm_ean=7330130980754&utm_status=latest"

tar xf linuxcan.tar.gz
cd linuxcan
make -j8
sudo make install

安装SDK

wget --content-disposition "https://www.kvaser.com/downloads-kvaser/?utm_source=software&utm_ean=7330130981966&utm_status=latest"

tar xf kvlibsdk.tar.gz
cd kvlibsdk
make -j8
sudo make install

插入Kvaser硬件，进行硬件验证（没接硬件就不需要这步）

cd canlib/examples
./listChannels

安装Python CANLIB（如果你需要用python开发）

cd ~

wget --content-disposition "https://www.kvaser.com/downloads-kvaser/?utm_source=software&utm_ean=7330130981911&utm_status=latest"

unzip -q pycanlib.zip
cd pycanlib
pip install canlib-1.6.615*.whl

python测试小程序

# 01_sendReceiveSingleCanMsg.py
from canlib import canlib, Frame


def setUpChannel(channel=0,
                 openFlags=canlib.Open.ACCEPT_VIRTUAL,
                 bitrate=canlib.canBITRATE_500K,
                 outputControl=canlib.Driver.NORMAL):
    ch = canlib.openChannel(channel, openFlags)
    print("Using channel: %s, EAN: %s" % (
        canlib.ChannelData(channel).device_name,
        canlib.ChannelData(channel).card_upc_no))
    ch.setBusOutputControl(outputControl)
    ch.setBusParams(bitrate)
    ch.busOn()
    return ch


def tearDownChannel(ch):
    ch.busOff()
    ch.close()


print("canlib dll version:", canlib.dllversion())

ch0 = setUpChannel(channel=0)
ch1 = setUpChannel(channel=1)

frame = Frame(id_=100, data=[1, 2, 3, 4], flags=canlib.MessageFlag.EXT)
ch1.write(frame)

while True:
    try:
        frame = ch0.read()
        print(frame)
        break
    except (canlib.canNoMsg) as ex:
        pass
    except (canlib.canError) as ex:
        print(ex)

tearDownChannel(ch0)
tearDownChannel(ch1)

安装wireshark和libpcap

sudo apt install libpcap-dev

sudo apt install wireshark

过滤规则

常用的可以按照ip或port进行过滤

ip.src == 192.168.9.24

udp.port == 8100

安装代码对比工具 meld

sudo apt-get install meld

安装播放器mpv和ffmpeg

sudo apt-get install mpv
sudo apt-get install ffmpeg

安装DL

先修改软件权限为可读写可执行

拷贝到bin文件夹

sudo cp clash-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/clash
sudo mkdir /usr/local/etc/clash
sudo cp /home/xxxx/xxxx/clash.yaml /usr/local/etc/config.yaml
sudo cp /home/xxxx/xxxx/Country.mmdb /usr/local/etc/clash

运行

sudo clash -d /usr/local/etc/clash

配一下port

Chrome浏览器安装配置

下载

wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb

安装

sudo apt install ./google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb

安装之后，会发现chrome浏览器下东西速度很慢，可以用这个方法解锁：
浏览器地址栏输入：

chrome://flags/

然后搜索

Parallel downloading

最后点成Enabled就可以

pip加速

单个包加速指令

pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple --trusted-host pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn packagenamexxxxx

sudo apt install python3-pip

mkdir -p $HOME/.pip && touch $HOME/.pip/pip.conf

nano $HOME/.pip/pip.conf

[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

pip install opencv-python

全局配置加速

打开~/.pip/pip.conf

cd ~
mkdir .pip
cd .pip
touch pip.conf
gedit pip.conf

写入如下内容保存

[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
[install]
trusted-host = pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

在线运行github项目

网址前加前缀

gitpod.io/#/

例如

https://gitpod.io/#/github.com/ZhangPHEngr/Kalman-in-MOT

安装搜狗输入法

下载

下载输入法
https://ime.sogouimecdn.com/202206262141/c9df1cad619be3f88449473789036b78/dl/gzindex/1651116072/sogoupinyin_4.0.1.2123_amd64.deb

安装依赖

sudo apt install fcitx

sudo apt install libqt5qml5 libqt5quick5 libqt5quickwidgets5 qml-module-qtquick2

sudo apt install libgsettings-qt1

配置环境

设置fctix框架开机自启动

sudo cp /usr/share/applications/fcitx.desktop /etc/xdg/autostart/

卸载自带的ibus输入法

sudo apt purge ibus

安装搜狗

sudo dpkg -i sougouxxxx.deb

再次重启，安装完成！

截图软件火焰截图

sudo apt install flameshot

Windows安装包管理器

Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force; iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString(‘https://chocolatey.org/install.ps1’))

安装VS Code

wget https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/?dv=linux64_deb

测试硬盘读写速度

创建2个文件

touch file1

touch file2

像文件1写入数据，测试写入速度

time dd if=/dev/zero of=./file1 bs=8k count=1000000

把文件1的数据读出来写入文件2，测试读写速度

time dd if=./file1 of=./file2 bs=8k count=1000000

或者

df -h

sudo hdparm -t /dev/sda2

time dd if=/dev/zero of=test.dbf bs=8k count=300000

测试网速

curl -s https://packagecloud.io/install/repositories/ookla/speedtest-cli/script.deb.sh | sudo bash

sudo apt-get install speedtest

speedtest

Terminator设置窗口大小

通过修改配置文件可以设置默认窗口大小：

gedit ~/.config/terminator/config

[[[window0]]]
      parent = ""
      type = Window
      size = 900, 600

安装Flathub应用商店

sudo apt install flatpak

sudo apt install gnome-software-plugin-flatpak

flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo

最后重启即可使用

sudo reboot

安装sublime-text

wget -qO - https://download.sublimetext.com/sublimehq-pub.gpg | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/sublimehq-archive.gpg > /dev/null

echo "deb https://download.sublimetext.com/ apt/stable/" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sublime-text.list
deb https://download.sublimetext.com/ apt/stable/

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install sublime-text

安装WPS

海外版更纯净
https://www.wps.com/download/

剪贴板管理器

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:hluk/copyq
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install copyq

git配置

git config --global user.name "xxxxx"
git config --global user.email "xxxxxx@qq.com"
git config --global color.ui true
git config --global credential.helper store

docker基础配置

sudo groupadd docker
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
newgrp docker

sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.20.2/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
docker-compose --version

sudo vim /etc/docker/daemon.json

{
    "runtimes": {
        "nvidia": {
            "path": "nvidia-container-runtime",
            "runtimeArgs": []
        }
    },
    "registry-mirrors": ["https://azze7x0g.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
    "experimental": true,
    "insecure-registries": ["https://jfrog.xxx.com:8080"]
}

sudo systemctl daemon-reload&& sudo systemctl restart docker.service

docker login jfrog.xxx.com:8080/docker

新建容器

docker run --gpus all --network=host -itd -v /home/xxx/your_local_dir:/home/xxx/container_dir -e TZ="Asia/Shanghai" --name container01 image_name /bin/bash

nvidia-docker配置

distribution=$(. /etc/os-release;echo $ID$VERSION_ID) && curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/nvidia-docker/gpgkey | sudo apt-key add - && curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/nvidia-docker/$distribution/nvidia-docker.list | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-docker.list

curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/nvidia-container-runtime/experimental/$distribution/nvidia-container-runtime.list | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-container-runtime.list

sudo apt update

sudo apt install -y nvidia-docker2

sudo systemctl restart docker

测试一下

docker run --runtime=nvidia --rm nvidia/cuda:11.0-base nvidia-smi

or

curl -fsSL https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/gpgkey | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/nvidia-container-toolkit-keyring.gpg \
  && curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/stable/deb/nvidia-container-toolkit.list | \
    sed 's#deb https://#deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nvidia-container-toolkit-keyring.gpg] https://#g' | \
    sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-container-toolkit.list

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install -y nvidia-container-toolkit

强大的录屏软件

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:maarten-baert/simplescreenrecorder
sudo apt update
sudo apt install simplescreenrecorder

持续监控显卡状态

watch -n 0.3 nvidia-smi

打印环境变量

ros_env="AMENT_PREFIX_PATH CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH COLCON_PREFIX_PATH
PKG_CONFIG_PATH PYTHONPATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH PATH ROS_DISTRO ROS_PYTHON_VERSION
ROS_LOCALHOST_ONLY ROS_VERSION"
env_string=""
for e in ${ros_env}; do
   env_string+="$e=${!e};"
done
echo "$env_string"