《统计学习导论-基于R应用》第二章：统计学习（代码）

A = matrix(seq(1,16),4,4)

A

1	5	9	13
2	6	10	14
3	7	11	15
4	8	12	16

A[1,]

1. 1
2. 5
3. 9
4. 13

A[-c(1,3),]

2	6	10	14
4	8	12	16

dim(A)

1. 4
2. 4

1.数据读取、查看

getwd()

‘E:/机器学习与量化交易研究课题/统计学习导论-基于R应用/ISLR/data’

Auto = read.table("Auto.data")

fix(Auto)

Auto = read.table("Auto.data",header= T,na.strings="?")

fix(Auto)

dim(Auto)

1. 397
2. 9

Auto = read.csv("Auto.csv",header= T, na.strings="?")

fix(Auto)

dim(Auto)

1. 397
2. 9

Auto[1:5,]

mpg	cylinders	displacement	horsepower	weight	acceleration	year	origin	name
18	8	307	130	3504	12.0	70	1	chevrolet chevelle malibu
15	8	350	165	3693	11.5	70	1	buick skylark 320
18	8	318	150	3436	11.0	70	1	plymouth satellite
16	8	304	150	3433	12.0	70	1	amc rebel sst
17	8	302	140	3449	10.5	70	1	ford torino

Auto = na.omit(Auto) # 剔除空行
dim(Auto)

1. 392
2. 9

names(Auto) # 查看变量名（列名/特征）

1. 'mpg'
2. 'cylinders'
3. 'displacement'
4. 'horsepower'
5. 'weight'
6. 'acceleration'
7. 'year'
8. 'origin'
9. 'name'

plot(mpg,cylinders) # R 不会默认数据集，需要指定

Error in plot(mpg, cylinders): 找不到对象'mpg'
Traceback:

1. plot(mpg, cylinders)

# 指定方式一
plot(Auto$mpg,Auto$cylinders)

# 指定方式二
attach(Auto)
plot(mpg, cylinders)

The following objects are masked from Auto (pos = 3):

    acceleration, cylinders, displacement, horsepower, mpg, name,
    origin, weight, year

The following objects are masked from Auto (pos = 4):

    acceleration, cylinders, displacement, horsepower, mpg, name,
    origin, weight, year

The following objects are masked from Auto (pos = 5):

    acceleration, cylinders, displacement, horsepower, mpg, name,
    origin, weight, year

The following objects are masked from Auto (pos = 6):

    acceleration, cylinders, displacement, horsepower, mpg, name,
    origin, weight, year

​

箱线图

# 将定量变量转变为定性变量（虽然是数值，但是种类比较少）
cylinders = as.factor(cylinders)

# plot()绘制的是散点图，如果X轴输入是定性变量，自动转为箱线图
plot(cylinders,mpg)
plot(cylinders,mpg,col="red")

plot(cylinders,mpg,col="red", varwidth= T) # varwidth是一个逻辑值。 设置为true以绘制与样本大小成比例的框的宽度。

plot(cylinders,mpg,col="red", varwidth= T, horizontal=T)
plot(cylinders,mpg,col="red", varwidth= T, xlab= "cylinders", ylab= "MPG")

直方图

hist(mpg)
hist(mpg, col = 2)

hist(mpg, col= 2, breaks = 15) # 建议的分组组数，标量R不一定会用，如需精确breaks= seq(1,6,0.5)

两两绘图

pairs(Auto) # 数据集中两两变量绘制散点图

pairs(~mpg+displacement+horsepower,Auto) # 指定子集

显示图中某点的某些信息

plot(horsepower,mpg)
identify(horsepower,mpg,name)

描述统计量

summary(Auto)

      mpg          cylinders      displacement     horsepower        weight    
 Min.   : 9.00   Min.   :3.000   Min.   : 68.0   Min.   : 46.0   Min.   :1613  
 1st Qu.:17.00   1st Qu.:4.000   1st Qu.:105.0   1st Qu.: 75.0   1st Qu.:2225  
 Median :22.75   Median :4.000   Median :151.0   Median : 93.5   Median :2804  
 Mean   :23.45   Mean   :5.472   Mean   :194.4   Mean   :104.5   Mean   :2978  
 3rd Qu.:29.00   3rd Qu.:8.000   3rd Qu.:275.8   3rd Qu.:126.0   3rd Qu.:3615  
 Max.   :46.60   Max.   :8.000   Max.   :455.0   Max.   :230.0   Max.   :5140  
                                                                               
  acceleration        year           origin                      name    
 Min.   : 8.00   Min.   :70.00   Min.   :1.000   amc matador       :  5  
 1st Qu.:13.78   1st Qu.:73.00   1st Qu.:1.000   ford pinto        :  5  
 Median :15.50   Median :76.00   Median :1.000   toyota corolla    :  5  
 Mean   :15.54   Mean   :75.98   Mean   :1.577   amc gremlin       :  4  
 3rd Qu.:17.02   3rd Qu.:79.00   3rd Qu.:2.000   amc hornet        :  4  
 Max.   :24.80   Max.   :82.00   Max.   :3.000   chevrolet chevette:  4  
                                                 (Other)           :365  

summary(mpg)

   Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
   9.00   17.00   22.75   23.45   29.00   46.60