1> 表"周边" (基本含义)
Our school is by the river.
我们的学校在河边。
- 表地点 介词+the + 地点;
或 所有格+地名;
2> 表"动作行为者"
The strange building was designed by my uncle.
那个奇怪的建筑物是我设计的。
3> 表"方法,手段"
I reserved a hotel room by e-mail。
我通过电子邮件预定了一个旅馆房间。
- order : 订购,订货;强调书面下单;
- reserve:预定,预约(房间,座位等);
4> 表"差距"
I missed the train by two minutes.
我晚了两分钟,没赶上火车。
- 在附近的旁边,中间的差距用by;
5> 表"单位"
Eggs are sold by the dozen.
鸡蛋按打出售。
- 常见的状态,在附近;
6> 表"判断依据"
You shouldn’t judge a person by their appearance.
我不应该以貌取人。