2022/10/12——字符设备驱动的分布注册的练习

使用分步注册的原因：使用register_chrdev函数注册字符设备驱动，虽然使用便捷但会申请（0~255）256个设备。大多数情况下，256个设备不会用完，这会造成空间的浪费。

而使用分步注册的方式，我们可以按照自己的需求申请有限个设备（要用几个就申请几个）。

分步注册使用的API：

一、注册

1、struct cdev *cdev_alloc(void)——给字符设备驱动对象申请一片空间

2、void cdev_init(struct cdev *cdev, const struct file_operations *fops)；——完成cdev对象的初始化（部分初始化）

3、int register_chrdev_region(dev_t from, unsigned count, const char *name)；——静态指定设备号

4、int alloc_chrdev_region(dev_t *dev, unsigned baseminor, unsigned count,const char *name)——动态申请设备号

5、int cdev_add(struct cdev *p, dev_t dev, unsigned count)——注册字符设备驱动

二、注销

1、void cdev_del(struct cdev *p)——注销字符设备驱动

2、void unregister_chrdev_region(dev_t from, unsigned count)——释放设备号

3、void kfree(void *p)——释放动态申请的驱动对象空间

注意：使用分步注册时，如果注册中途发生错误，在退出程序前要把注册好的部分全部注销

本次实验实现单个驱动申请三个结点分别控制一个LED灯。

代码实现

1、Makefile

modname ?= myled
arch ?= arm

ifeq ($(arch),arm)#arm架构
KERNELDIR := /home/ubuntu/fsmp1a/linux-stm32mp-5.10.61-stm32mp-r2-r0/linux-5.10.61
else
KERNELDIR := /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build #x86架构路径
#KERNELDIR是一个变量，指向内核源码目录
endif
PWD:=$(shell pwd)
#PWD指向当前驱动目录的一个变量

all:
	make -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules
#make -C $(KERNELDIR)
#进入内核顶层目录下，读取对应的Makefile文件，然后执行make
clean:
	make -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) clean

obj-m:=$(modname).o

2、myled.h

#ifndef __MYLED_H__
#define __MYLED_H__

typedef struct{
    volatile unsigned int MODER;
    volatile unsigned int OTYPER;
    volatile unsigned int OSPEEDR;
    volatile unsigned int PUPDR;
    volatile unsigned int IDR;
    volatile unsigned int ODR;
    volatile unsigned int BSRR;
}gpio_t;
#define PHY_LED1_ADDR 0X50006000
#define PHY_LED2_ADDR 0X50007000
#define PHY_LED3_ADDR   0X50006000
#define PHY_RCC_ADDR  0X50000A28 
enum LED
{
    LED1=1,
    LED2,
    LED3
};

#define LED_ON _IO('a',1)
#define LED_OFF _IO('a',0)
#define LedON _IOW('a',1,int)
#define LedOFF _IOW('a',0,int)

#endif

3、myled.c

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <linux/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include"myled.h"
#define CNAME  "mycdev"
#define count 3

int minor=0;//次设备号从0开始
#if 0
unsigned int major = 0;
#else
unsigned int major = 500;//静态指定设备号
#endif
char kbuf[128]={};//定义数组用于存放和用户之间拷贝的数据
gpio_t *vir_led1;
gpio_t *vir_led2;
gpio_t *vir_led3;
unsigned int *vir_rcc;
struct cdev *cdev;
struct class *cls;//句柄
struct device *dev;

//定义互斥体
struct mutex mutex;

//对应的是open()
int mycdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    //上锁
    if(!mutex_trylock(&mutex))
    {
        return -EBUSY;
    }
    printk("%s:%s:%d\n",__FILE__,__func__,__LINE__);
    return 0;
}
//read()
ssize_t mycdev_read(struct file *file, char __user *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *loff)
{
    //size参数是用户期待读到的字节长度
    int ret;
    if(size>sizeof(kbuf))
    size=sizeof(kbuf);
    ret=copy_to_user(ubuf,kbuf,size);
    if(ret)
    {
        printk("数据从内核向用户拷贝失败\n");
        return -EIO;
    }
       return size;
}
//write()
ssize_t mycdev_write(struct file *file, const char __user *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *loff)
{
    int ret;
    if(size>sizeof(kbuf))
    size=sizeof(kbuf);
    ret=copy_from_user(kbuf,ubuf,size);
    if(ret)
    {
        printk("数据从用户向内核拷贝失败\n");
        return -EIO;
    }
       return size;
}
//close()
int mycdev_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    //解锁
    mutex_unlock(&mutex);
    printk("%s:%s:%d\n",__FILE__,__func__,__LINE__);
    return 0;
}
long ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
    int ret,which;
    switch (cmd)
    {
    case LedON:
        ret=copy_from_user(&which,(void *)arg,sizeof(int));
        if(ret)
        {
            printk("用户向内核拷贝数据失败\n");
            return -EIO;
        }
        switch (which)
        {
        case LED1:
            vir_led1->ODR |= (1<<10);
            break;
        case LED2:
            vir_led2->ODR |= (1 << 10);
            break;
        case LED3:
            vir_led3->ODR |= (1 << 8);
            break;
        }
        break;
    case LedOFF:
        ret=copy_from_user(&which,(void *)arg,sizeof(int));
        if(ret)
        {
            printk("用户向内核拷贝数据失败\n");
            return -EIO;
        }
        switch (which)
        {
        case LED1:
            vir_led1->ODR &= ~(1 << 10);
            break;
        case LED2:
            vir_led2->ODR &= ~(1 << 10);
            break;
        case LED3:
            vir_led3->ODR &= ~(1 << 8);
            break;
        }
        break;
    default:
        printk("功能码错误\n");
        break;
    }
    return 0;
}
//操作方法结构体的初始化
struct file_operations fops=
{
    .open=mycdev_open,
    .read=mycdev_read,
    .write=mycdev_write,
    .unlocked_ioctl=ioctl,
    .release=mycdev_close,
};
int all_led_init(void)
{
    //进行物理地址的映射
    vir_led1=ioremap(PHY_LED1_ADDR,sizeof(gpio_t));
    if(vir_led1==NULL)
    {
        printk("vir_led1 映射失败\n");
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
    printk("vir_led1 映射成功\n");
   vir_led2=ioremap(PHY_LED2_ADDR,sizeof(gpio_t));
    if(vir_led2==NULL)
    {
        printk("vir_led2 映射失败\n");
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
    printk("vir_led2 映射成功\n");
    vir_led3=ioremap(PHY_LED3_ADDR,sizeof(gpio_t));
    if(vir_led3==NULL)
    {
        printk("vir_led3 映射失败\n");
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
    printk("vir_led3 映射成功\n");
    vir_rcc=ioremap(PHY_RCC_ADDR,4);
    if(vir_rcc==NULL)
    {
        printk("vir_rcc 映射失败\n");
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
    printk("vir_rcc 映射成功\n");
    //寄存器的初始化
    //led1
    vir_led1->MODER &= ~(3<<20);
    vir_led1->MODER |= (1<<20);
    vir_led1->ODR &= ~(1<<10);

    //led2
    vir_led2->MODER &= ~(3<<20);
    vir_led2->MODER |= (1<<20);
    vir_led2->ODR &= ~(1<<10);

    //led3
    vir_led3->MODER &= ~(3<<16);
    vir_led3->MODER |= (1<<16);
    vir_led3->ODR &= ~(1<<8);

    (*vir_rcc) |= (3<<4);
    return 0;
}
//入口函数，当驱动安装的时候执行
static int __init demo_init(void)
{
    int ret,i;
    dev_t devno;
    //1.分配设备驱动对象
    cdev=cdev_alloc();
    if(cdev == NULL)
    {
        printk("申请空间失败\n");
        ret = -ENOMEM;
        goto ERR1;
    }
    printk("申请空间成功\n");
    //2.初始化对象
    cdev_init(cdev,&fops);
    //3.设备号的申请
    if(major==0)//动态申请
    {
        ret=alloc_chrdev_region(&devno,minor,count,"myled");
        if(ret)
        {
            printk("动态申请设备号失败\n");
            goto ERR2;
        }
        printk("动态申请设备号成功\n");
    }
    else
    {
        ret=register_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major,minor),count,"myled");
        if(ret)
        {
            printk("静态设备号指定失败\n");
            goto ERR2;
        }
        printk("静态设备号指定成功\n");
    }
    //4.注册字符设备驱动
    ret=cdev_add(cdev,MKDEV(major,minor),count);
    if(ret)
    {
        printk("字符设备驱动注册失败\n");
        goto ERR3;
    }
    printk("字符设备驱动注册成功\n");
    //5.自动创建设备节点
    cls = class_create(THIS_MODULE,"led");
    if(IS_ERR(cls))
    {
        printk("创建逻辑节点目录失败\n");
        ret=PTR_ERR(cls);
        goto ERR4;
    }
    printk("创建逻辑节点目录成功\n");
    //向上提交节点信息
    for(i=0; i<count; i++)
    {
        dev = device_create(cls,NULL,MKDEV(major,i),NULL,"myled%d",i);
        if(IS_ERR(dev))
        {
            printk("创建逻辑节点失败\n");
            ret = PTR_ERR(dev);
            goto ERR5;
        }
        printk("创建逻辑节点成功\n");
    }
    //寄存器的初始化
    all_led_init();
    //互斥锁的初始化
    mutex_init(&mutex);
    return 0;
ERR5:
    for(--i;i>=0;i--)
    {
        device_destroy(cls,MKDEV(major,i));
    }
    class_destroy(cls);
ERR4:
    cdev_del(cdev);
ERR3:
    unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major,minor),count);
ERR2:
    kfree(cdev);
ERR1:
    return ret;
}

//出口函数，卸载驱动的时候执行
static void __exit demo_exit(void)
{
    //1.销毁设备节点
    int i;
    for(i=0; i<count; i++)
    {
        device_destroy(cls,MKDEV(major,i));
    }
    class_destroy(cls);
    //2.注销字符设备驱动
    cdev_del(cdev);
    //3.释放设备号
    unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major,minor),count);
    //4.释放动态申请的空间
    kfree(cdev);
}
module_init(demo_init);
module_exit(demo_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

4、test.c

#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<sys/ioctl.h>
#include"myled.h"

int main(int argc,char const *argv[])
{
    
    char buf[128]={};
    int fd;
    int which;
    printf("请输入想要控制的灯 1：LED1 2：LED2 3：LED3\n");
    scanf("%d",&which);
    getchar();
    switch (which)
    {
        case 1:
            fd=open("/dev/myled0",O_RDWR);
            break;
        case 2:
            fd=open("/dev/myled1",O_RDWR);
            break;
        case 3:
            fd=open("/dev/myled2",O_RDWR);
            break;
        default:
            printf("输入有误，程序退出\n");
            exit(-1);
    }
    if(fd<0)
    {
        printf("打开文件失败\n");
        exit(-1);
    }
    printf("打开文件成功\n");
    //在终端中输入
    while(1)
    {
        printf("请输入控制命令 1：开灯 0：关灯 9:退出程序\n");
        fgets(buf,sizeof(buf),stdin);
        if(buf[0]=='9')
        {
            break;
        }
        else if(buf[0]=='1')//对LED灯进行操作
            ioctl(fd,LedON,&which);
        else if(buf[0]=='0') 
            ioctl(fd,LedOFF,&which);
    }
    close(fd);
    return 0;
}