翻译：测试成熟度模型集成（TMMi）（14）

SG 3 Establish Test Estimates
SG 3 建立测试评估
Well founded test estimates are established and maintained for use in discussing the test approach
and in planning the testing activities.
在讨论测试方法和计划测试活动中，好的已创立的测试评估被建立和维护使用。
SP 3.1 Establish a top-level work breakdown structure
SP 3.1 建立高层工作分解结构
Establish a top-level work breakdown structure (WBS) to clearly define the scope of the test estimate.
建立高层工作分解结构（WBS），以清楚地定义测试评估的范围。
Typical work products
1. Test work products list
2. Test tasks to be performed
3. Work breakdown structure
典型工作产品
1. 测试工作的产品清单
2. 要执行的测试任务
3. 工作分解结构
Sub-practices
1. Identify test work products to be developed based on the defined test approach
2. Identify test work products that will be externally acquired
3. Identify test work products that will be re-used
4. Identify test tasks to be performed related to the test work products
5. Identify indirect test tasks to be performed such as test management, meetings, configuration
management, etc.
子实践
1. 确定基于已定义测试方法的将要被开发的测试工作产品
2. 确定被外部需要的工作产品
3. 确定将被重用的工作产品
4. 确定相关到测试工作产品的测试任务
5. 确定间接测试任务，如测试管理，会议，配置管理等。
Note that the WBS should also take into account tasks for implementing the test environment
requirements. Refer to the “Test Environment” process area for more information.
请注意，WBS也应该重视执行测试环境需求的任务，更多信息请参考“测试环境”过程域。
SP 3.2 Define test lifecycle
SP 3.2 定义测试生命周期
Define the test lifecycle phases on which to scope the planning effort.
定义测试生命周期，以规划计划的投入。
Typical work products
1. Test lifecycle phases
2. Test milestones
典型工作产品
1. 测试生命周期阶段
2. 测试里程碑
Sub-practices
1. Define test lifecycle phases; at a minimum a test planning, test preparation and test execution
phase are distinguished
2. Schedule the test preparation phase such that it starts immediately upon the completion of the test
basis
3. Align the top-level work breakdown structure with the defined test lifecycle
4. Identify major milestones for each test lifecycle phase
子实践
1. 定义测试生命周期阶段；最小程度，要有一个测试计划，测试准备和测试执行
2. 计划测试准备阶段，以便于它在完成测试基础后立刻开始
3. 已定义的测试生命周期要与高层工作分解结构保持一致
4. 确定每个测试生命周期阶段的主要里程碑
Note that understanding the lifecycle is crucial in determining the scope of the test planning effort and
the timing of the initial planning, as well as the timing and criteria (at critical milestones) for replanning.
请注意，理解生命周期对于确定测试计划的投入，初始计划的时机，以及重新计划的时机和标准都很重要。
SP 3.3 Determine estimates of test effort and cost
SP 3.3 确定测试投入和费用的评估
Estimate the test effort and cost for the test work products and tasks based on estimation rationale.
对基于评估的测试工作产品和任务评估测试投入和费用
Typical work products
1. Attribute estimates of test work products and test tasks
2. Test effort estimates
3. Test cost estimates
典型工作产品
1. 测试工作产品和测试任务的属性评估
2. 测试投入评估
3. 测试费用评估
Sub-practices
子实践
1. Determine and maintain estimates of the attributes of the test work products and test tasks
1. 确定和维护测试工作产品和测试任务的属性的评估
Examples of attributes used to estimate test work products and test tasks include the following:
? Size, e.g. number of test cases, number of pages, number of test points, volume of
test data, number of requirements
? Complexity of related test item, e.g. cyclomatic number
? Level of re-use
? Priority level of related product risk
用于评估测试工作产品和测试任务的属性实例包括如下：
 大小，如测试实例的数目，页数，测试条目的数目，测试数据的容量，需求的数目等
 相关测试条目的复杂度，如轮数
 可重用水平
 相关产品风险的优先级
Note that appropriate methods (e.g. validated models or historical data) should be used to determine
the attributes of the test work products and test tasks that will be used to estimate the resource
requirements.
请注意，适当的方法（如验证模型和历史数据）应该被使用，以确定将被用来做资源需求评估的测试工作产品和测试任务的属性
2. Study (technical) factors that can influence the test estimate
2. 研究能影响测试评估的（技术的）因素
Examples of factors that can influence the test estimate include the following:
? Usage of test tools
? Quality of earlier test levels
? Quality of test basis
? Development environment
? Test environment
? Test ware availability from previous projects
? Knowledge and skill level or testers
影响测试评估的因数包括如下：
 测试工具的使用
 上一个测试级别的质量
 测试基础的质量
 开发环境
 测试环境
 来自上一个项目的测试软件的可用性
 测试人员的知识和技能水平
3. Select models and/or historical data that will be used to transform the attributes of the test work
products and test tasks into estimates of the effort and cost
3. 选择模型和/或历史数据，以改变测试工作产品和测试任务的属性到评估的投入和费用
Examples of models that can be used for test estimation include the following:
? Test Point Analysis [TMap]
? Three point estimate
? Wide Band Delphi [Veenendaal]
? Ratio on development effort versus test effort
能被用来做测试评估的模型包括如下:
 测试要点分析（TMap）
 三点评估
 宽带Dephi（Veenendaal）
 开发投入和测试投入的比例
4. Include supporting infrastructure needs when estimation test effort and cost
4.当评估测试投入和费用时，包括一些支持性基础结构需要
Examples of supporting infrastructure needs include the following:
? Test environment
? Critical computer resources
? Office environment
? Test tools
支持性基础结构需要的例子包括如下：
 测试环境
 临界的计算机资源
 办公环境
 测试工具
5. Estimate test effort and cost using models and/or historical data
6. Document assumptions made in deriving the estimates
7. Record the test estimation data, including the associated information needed to reconstruct the
estimates
5. 使用模型和/或历史数据评估测试投入和费用
6. 记录源自评估的假设
7. 记录测试评估数据，包括被用来重建评估的相关信息