在Godot .Net中实现轻量级ECS Entity管理系统

ECS 核心逻辑是把「节点树逻辑」和「游戏数据逻辑」解耦，方便统一管理大批单位（比如怪物、道具、Buff等），并实现：

数据驱动行为（不用每个东西都挂脚本）
集中化管理（例如统一 Tick 所有实体）
易于扩展与复用（如技能系统、状态系统）

1. 定义 Entity 结构

public class Entity
{
    public int Id { get; }
    private Dictionary<Type, object> _components = new();

    public Entity(int id) => Id = id;

    public void AddComponent<T>(T component) where T : class
    {
        _components[typeof(T)] = component;
    }

    public T GetComponent<T>() where T : class
    {
        _components.TryGetValue(typeof(T), out var comp);
        return comp as T;
    }

    public bool HasComponent<T>() => _components.ContainsKey(typeof(T));
}

2. 创建 EntityManager

public class EntityManager
{
    private int _nextId = 1;
    private Dictionary<int, Entity> _entities = new();

    public Entity CreateEntity()
    {
        var entity = new Entity(_nextId++);
        _entities[entity.Id] = entity;
        return entity;
    }

    public IEnumerable<Entity> GetAllEntities() => _entities.Values;
}

3. 定义组件（Component）

public class PositionComponent
{
    public Vector3 Position;
}

public class HealthComponent
{
    public int HP;
    public int MaxHP;
}

4. 系统（System）示例

public class HealthSystem
{
    public void Update(IEnumerable<Entity> entities)
    {
        foreach (var e in entities)
        {
            var health = e.GetComponent<HealthComponent>();
            if (health != null && health.HP <= 0)
            {
                GD.Print($"Entity {e.Id} died.");
            }
        }
    }
}

5. 使用方法

public partial class GameController : Node
{
    private EntityManager _entityManager = new();
    private HealthSystem _healthSystem = new();

    public override void _Ready()
    {
        var player = _entityManager.CreateEntity();
        player.AddComponent(new PositionComponent { Position = new Vector3(0, 0, 0) });
        player.AddComponent(new HealthComponent { HP = 100, MaxHP = 100 });

        GD.Print("Player entity created.");
    }

    public override void _Process(double delta)
    {
        _healthSystem.Update(_entityManager.GetAllEntities());
    }
}