(5-4-05)基于Stable Diffusion的文生图系统：（5）概率分布+编码和嵌入

5. 概率分布

文件distributions.py定义了与概率分布相关的抽象类和具体实现，包括抽象分布类 AbstractDistribution、狄拉克分布 DiracDistribution 和对角高斯分布 DiagonalGaussianDistribution。这些类提供了样本生成、模式计算和 KL 散度等功能，支持概率模型中的采样和分布计算。此外，还定义了一个计算两个高斯分布之间 KL 散度的函数 normal_kl，用于评估不同分布之间的相似性。整体上，该文件为概率建模和生成任务提供了基础设施。

import torch
import numpy as np


class AbstractDistribution:
    def sample(self):
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def mode(self):
        raise NotImplementedError()


class DiracDistribution(AbstractDistribution):
    def __init__(self, value):
        self.value = value

    def sample(self):
        return self.value

    def mode(self):
        return self.value


class DiagonalGaussianDistribution(object):
    def __init__(self, parameters, deterministic=False):
        self.parameters = parameters
        self.mean, self.logvar = torch.chunk(parameters, 2, dim=1)
        self.logvar = torch.clamp(self.logvar, -30.0, 20.0)
        self.deterministic = deterministic
        self.std = torch.exp(0.5 * self.logvar)
        self.var = torch.exp(self.logvar)
        if self.deterministic:
            self.var = self.std = torch.zeros_like(self.mean).to(device=self.parameters.device)

    def sample(self):
        x = self.mean + self.std * torch.randn(self.mean.shape).to(device=self.parameters.device)
        return x

    def kl(self, other=None):
        if self.deterministic:
            return torch.Tensor([0.])
        else:
            if other is None:
                return 0.5 * torch.sum(torch.pow(self.mean, 2)
                                       + self.var - 1.0 - self.logvar,
                                       dim=[1, 2, 3])
            else:
                return 0.5 * torch.sum(
                    torch.pow(self.mean - other.mean, 2) / other.var
                    + self.var / other.var - 1.0 - self.logvar + other.logvar,
                    dim=[1, 2, 3])

    def nll(self, sample, dims=[1,2,3]):
        if self.deterministic:
            return torch.Tensor([0.])
        logtwopi = np.log(2.0 * np.pi)
        return 0.5 * torch.sum(
            logtwopi + self.logvar + torch.pow(sample - self.mean, 2) / self.var,
            dim=dims)

    def mode(self):
        return self.mean


def normal_kl(mean1, logvar1, mean2, logvar2):
    """
    source: https://github.com/openai/guided-diffusion/blob/27c20a8fab9cb472df5d6bdd6c8d11c8f430b924/guided_diffusion/losses.py#L12
    Compute the KL divergence between two gaussians.
    Shapes are automatically broadcasted, so batches can be compared to
    scalars, among other use cases.
    """
    tensor = None
    for obj in (mean1, logvar1, mean2, logvar2):
        if isinstance(obj, torch.Tensor):
            tensor = obj
            break
    assert tensor is not None, "at least one argument must be a Tensor"

    # Force variances to be Tensors. Broadcasting helps convert scalars to
    # Tensors, but it does not work for torch.exp().
    logvar1, logvar2 = [
        x if isinstance(x, torch.Tensor) else torch.tensor(x).to(tensor)
        for x in (logvar1, logvar2)
    ]

    return 0.5 * (
        -1.0
        + logvar2
        - logvar1
        + torch.exp(logvar1 - logvar2)
        + ((mean1 - mean2) ** 2) * torch.exp(-logvar2)
    )

6. 编码和嵌入

文件modules.py定义了一系列用于实现编码和嵌入操作的神经网络模块，主要包括文本和图像的嵌入器。这些模块继承自 AbstractEncoder 类，提供了不同的编码方法，支持 T5 和 CLIP 模型的冻结版本，以便进行特征提取。关键类包括 IdentityEncoder、ClassEmbedder、FrozenT5Embedder、FrozenCLIPEmbedder、ClipImageEmbedder 和 FrozenOpenCLIPEmbedder，每个类都有其特定的前向传播和编码逻辑。此外，还实现了 CLIP 嵌入的噪声增强功能 CLIPEmbeddingNoiseAugmentation，用于处理输入数据的标准化和去噪。这些模块为图像和文本数据的处理和融合提供了灵活的基础架构，适用于多模态学习和生成任务。

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import kornia
from torch.utils.checkpoint import checkpoint

from transformers import T5Tokenizer, T5EncoderModel, CLIPTokenizer, CLIPTextModel

import open_clip
from ldm.util import default, count_params, autocast


class AbstractEncoder(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

    def encode(self, *args, **kwargs):
        raise NotImplementedError


class IdentityEncoder(AbstractEncoder):

    def encode(self, x):
        return x


class ClassEmbedder(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, embed_dim, n_classes=1000, key='class', ucg_rate=0.1):
        super().__init__()
        self.key = key
        self.embedding = nn.Embedding(n_classes, embed_dim)
        self.n_classes = n_classes
        self.ucg_rate = ucg_rate

    def forward(self, batch, key=None, disable_dropout=False):
        if key is None:
            key = self.key
        # this is for use in crossattn
        c = batch[key][:, None]
        if self.ucg_rate > 0. and not disable_dropout:
            mask = 1. - torch.bernoulli(torch.ones_like(c) * self.ucg_rate)
            c = mask * c + (1 - mask) * torch.ones_like(c) * (self.n_classes - 1)
            c = c.long()
        c = self.embedding(c)
        return c

    def get_unconditional_conditioning(self, bs, device="cuda"):
        uc_class = self.n_classes - 1  # 1000 classes --> 0 ... 999, one extra class for ucg (class 1000)
        uc = torch.ones((bs,), device=device) * uc_class
        uc = {self.key: uc}
        return uc


def disabled_train(self, mode=True):
    """Overwrite model.train with this function to make sure train/eval mode
    does not change anymore."""
    return self


class FrozenT5Embedder(AbstractEncoder):
    """Uses the T5 transformer encoder for text"""

    def __init__(self, version="google/t5-v1_1-large", device="cuda", max_length=77,
                 freeze=True):  # others are google/t5-v1_1-xl and google/t5-v1_1-xxl
        super().__init__()
        self.tokenizer = T5Tokenizer.from_pretrained(version)
        self.transformer = T5EncoderModel.from_pretrained(version)
        self.device = device
        self.max_length = max_length  # TODO: typical value?
        if freeze:
            self.freeze()

    def freeze(self):
        self.transformer = self.transformer.eval()
        # self.train = disabled_train
        for param in self.parameters():
            param.requires_grad = False

    def forward(self, text):
        batch_encoding = self.tokenizer(text, truncation=True, max_length=self.max_length, return_length=True,
                                        return_overflowing_tokens=False, padding="max_length", return_tensors="pt")
        tokens = batch_encoding["input_ids"].to(self.device)
        outputs = self.transformer(input_ids=tokens)

        z = outputs.last_hidden_state
        return z

    def encode(self, text):
        return self(text)


class FrozenCLIPEmbedder(AbstractEncoder):
    """Uses the CLIP transformer encoder for text (from huggingface)"""
    LAYERS = [
        "last",
        "pooled",
        "hidden"
    ]

    def __init__(self, version="openai/clip-vit-large-patch14", device="cuda", max_length=77,
                 freeze=True, layer="last", layer_idx=None):  # clip-vit-base-patch32
        super().__init__()
        assert layer in self.LAYERS
        self.tokenizer = CLIPTokenizer.from_pretrained(version)
        self.transformer = CLIPTextModel.from_pretrained(version)
        self.device = device
        self.max_length = max_length
        if freeze:
            self.freeze()
        self.layer = layer
        self.layer_idx = layer_idx
        if layer == "hidden":
            assert layer_idx is not None
            assert 0 <= abs(layer_idx) <= 12

    def freeze(self):
        self.transformer = self.transformer.eval()
        # self.train = disabled_train
        for param in self.parameters():
            param.requires_grad = False

    def forward(self, text):
        batch_encoding = self.tokenizer(text, truncation=True, max_length=self.max_length, return_length=True,
                                        return_overflowing_tokens=False, padding="max_length", return_tensors="pt")
        tokens = batch_encoding["input_ids"].to(self.device)
        outputs = self.transformer(input_ids=tokens, output_hidden_states=self.layer == "hidden")
        if self.layer == "last":
            z = outputs.last_hidden_state
        elif self.layer == "pooled":
            z = outputs.pooler_output[:, None, :]
        else:
            z = outputs.hidden_states[self.layer_idx]
        return z

    def encode(self, text):
        return self(text)


class ClipImageEmbedder(nn.Module):
    def __init__(
            self,
            model,
            jit=False,
            device='cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu',
            antialias=True,
            ucg_rate=0.
    ):
        super().__init__()
        from clip import load as load_clip
        self.model, _ = load_clip(name=model, device=device, jit=jit)

        self.antialias = antialias

        self.register_buffer('mean', torch.Tensor([0.48145466, 0.4578275, 0.40821073]), persistent=False)
        self.register_buffer('std', torch.Tensor([0.26862954, 0.26130258, 0.27577711]), persistent=False)
        self.ucg_rate = ucg_rate

    def preprocess(self, x):
        # normalize to [0,1]
        x = kornia.geometry.resize(x, (224, 224),
                                   interpolation='bicubic', align_corners=True,
                                   antialias=self.antialias)
        x = (x + 1.) / 2.
        # re-normalize according to clip
        x = kornia.enhance.normalize(x, self.mean, self.std)
        return x

    def forward(self, x, no_dropout=False):
        # x is assumed to be in range [-1,1]
        out = self.model.encode_image(self.preprocess(x))
        out = out.to(x.dtype)
        if self.ucg_rate > 0. and not no_dropout:
            out = torch.bernoulli((1. - self.ucg_rate) * torch.ones(out.shape[0], device=out.device))[:, None] * out
        return out


class FrozenOpenCLIPEmbedder(AbstractEncoder):
    """
    Uses the OpenCLIP transformer encoder for text
    """
    LAYERS = [
        # "pooled",
        "last",
        "penultimate"
    ]

    def __init__(self, arch="ViT-H-14", version="laion2b_s32b_b79k", device="cuda", max_length=77,
                 freeze=True, layer="last"):
        super().__init__()
        assert layer in self.LAYERS
        model, _, _ = open_clip.create_model_and_transforms(arch, device=torch.device('cpu'), pretrained=version)
        del model.visual
        self.model = model

        self.device = device
        self.max_length = max_length
        if freeze:
            self.freeze()
        self.layer = layer
        if self.layer == "last":
            self.layer_idx = 0
        elif self.layer == "penultimate":
            self.layer_idx = 1
        else:
            raise NotImplementedError()

    def freeze(self):
        self.model = self.model.eval()
        for param in self.parameters():
            param.requires_grad = False

    def forward(self, text):
        tokens = open_clip.tokenize(text)
        z = self.encode_with_transformer(tokens.to(self.device))
        return z

    def encode_with_transformer(self, text):
        x = self.model.token_embedding(text)  # [batch_size, n_ctx, d_model]
        x = x + self.model.positional_embedding
        x = x.permute(1, 0, 2)  # NLD -> LND
        x = self.text_transformer_forward(x, attn_mask=self.model.attn_mask)
        x = x.permute(1, 0, 2)  # LND -> NLD
        x = self.model.ln_final(x)
        return x

    def text_transformer_forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, attn_mask=None):
        for i, r in enumerate(self.model.transformer.resblocks):
            if i == len(self.model.transformer.resblocks) - self.layer_idx:
                break
            if self.model.transformer.grad_checkpointing and not torch.jit.is_scripting():
                x = checkpoint(r, x, attn_mask)
            else:
                x = r(x, attn_mask=attn_mask)
        return x

    def encode(self, text):
        return self(text)


class FrozenOpenCLIPImageEmbedder(AbstractEncoder):
    """
    Uses the OpenCLIP vision transformer encoder for images
    """

    def __init__(self, arch="ViT-H-14", version="laion2b_s32b_b79k", device="cuda", max_length=77,
                 freeze=True, layer="pooled", antialias=True, ucg_rate=0.):
        super().__init__()
        model, _, _ = open_clip.create_model_and_transforms(arch, device=torch.device('cpu'),
                                                            pretrained=version, )
        del model.transformer
        self.model = model

        self.device = device
        self.max_length = max_length
        if freeze:
            self.freeze()
        self.layer = layer
        if self.layer == "penultimate":
            raise NotImplementedError()
            self.layer_idx = 1

        self.antialias = antialias

        self.register_buffer('mean', torch.Tensor([0.48145466, 0.4578275, 0.40821073]), persistent=False)
        self.register_buffer('std', torch.Tensor([0.26862954, 0.26130258, 0.27577711]), persistent=False)
        self.ucg_rate = ucg_rate

    def preprocess(self, x):
        # normalize to [0,1]
        x = kornia.geometry.resize(x, (224, 224),
                                   interpolation='bicubic', align_corners=True,
                                   antialias=self.antialias)
        x = (x + 1.) / 2.
        # renormalize according to clip
        x = kornia.enhance.normalize(x, self.mean, self.std)
        return x

    def freeze(self):
        self.model = self.model.eval()
        for param in self.parameters():
            param.requires_grad = False

    @autocast
    def forward(self, image, no_dropout=False):
        z = self.encode_with_vision_transformer(image)
        if self.ucg_rate > 0. and not no_dropout:
            z = torch.bernoulli((1. - self.ucg_rate) * torch.ones(z.shape[0], device=z.device))[:, None] * z
        return z

    def encode_with_vision_transformer(self, img):
        img = self.preprocess(img)
        x = self.model.visual(img)
        return x

    def encode(self, text):
        return self(text)


class FrozenCLIPT5Encoder(AbstractEncoder):
    def __init__(self, clip_version="openai/clip-vit-large-patch14", t5_version="google/t5-v1_1-xl", device="cuda",
                 clip_max_length=77, t5_max_length=77):
        super().__init__()
        self.clip_encoder = FrozenCLIPEmbedder(clip_version, device, max_length=clip_max_length)
        self.t5_encoder = FrozenT5Embedder(t5_version, device, max_length=t5_max_length)
        print(f"{self.clip_encoder.__class__.__name__} has {count_params(self.clip_encoder) * 1.e-6:.2f} M parameters, "
              f"{self.t5_encoder.__class__.__name__} comes with {count_params(self.t5_encoder) * 1.e-6:.2f} M params.")

    def encode(self, text):
        return self(text)

    def forward(self, text):
        clip_z = self.clip_encoder.encode(text)
        t5_z = self.t5_encoder.encode(text)
        return [clip_z, t5_z]


from ldm.modules.diffusionmodules.upscaling import ImageConcatWithNoiseAugmentation
from ldm.modules.diffusionmodules.openaimodel import Timestep


class CLIPEmbeddingNoiseAugmentation(ImageConcatWithNoiseAugmentation):
    def __init__(self, *args, clip_stats_path=None, timestep_dim=256, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        if clip_stats_path is None:
            clip_mean, clip_std = torch.zeros(timestep_dim), torch.ones(timestep_dim)
        else:
            clip_mean, clip_std = torch.load(clip_stats_path, map_location="cpu")
        self.register_buffer("data_mean", clip_mean[None, :], persistent=False)
        self.register_buffer("data_std", clip_std[None, :], persistent=False)
        self.time_embed = Timestep(timestep_dim)

    def scale(self, x):
        # re-normalize to centered mean and unit variance
        x = (x - self.data_mean) * 1. / self.data_std
        return x

    def unscale(self, x):
        # back to original data stats
        x = (x * self.data_std) + self.data_mean
        return x

    def forward(self, x, noise_level=None):
        if noise_level is None:
            noise_level = torch.randint(0, self.max_noise_level, (x.shape[0],), device=x.device).long()
        else:
            assert isinstance(noise_level, torch.Tensor)
        x = self.scale(x)
        z = self.q_sample(x, noise_level)
        z = self.unscale(z)
        noise_level = self.time_embed(noise_level)
        return z, noise_level

对上述代码的具体说明如下所示：

（1）实现类 AbstractEncoder：这是一个抽象基类，定义了 encode 方法的接口，用于后续的具体实现。

（2）IdentityEncoder：继承自 AbstractEncoder，实现了一个恒等编码器，即直接返回输入数据。

（3）ClassEmbedder：这个类用于将类别标签嵌入到一个固定维度的空间中。它使用一个嵌入层来实现这一点，并支持在嵌入时使用不确定性（通过dropout模拟）。

（4）FrozenT5Embedder：这个类使用 T5 模型（一种预训练的文本转换器模型）来编码文本数据。它在初始化时加载预训练的 T5 模型，并可以选择冻结模型的参数，使其在训练过程中不更新。

（5） FrozenCLIPEmbedder：类似于 FrozenT5Embedder，这个类使用 CLIP 模型来编码文本数据。CLIP 是另一种预训练的文本和图像转换器模型。它同样可以选择冻结模型参数。

（6）ClipImageEmbedder：这个类用于使用 CLIP 模型的图像编码器部分来处理图像数据。它首先对图像进行预处理（包括缩放和归一化），然后使用 CLIP 模型进行编码。

（7）FrozenOpenCLIPEmbedder：这个类使用 OpenCLIP 的文本编码器来处理文本数据。OpenCLIP 是一个开源的 CLIP 实现，它允许更灵活的模型配置和扩展。

（8）FrozenCLIPT5Encoder：这个类结合了 CLIP 和 T5 编码器，用于同时从两个不同的角度编码文本数据。

（9）CLIPEmbeddingNoiseAugmentation：这个类是一个图像处理模块，用于在图像数据中添加噪声，并结合时间步嵌入进行数据增强。它使用了 CLIP 模型的统计数据来标准化和反标准化图像数据。

（10）辅助函数disabled_train：这是一个用于禁用模型训练模式改变的函数。

（11）辅助函数count_params：用于计算模型参数的数量。

文件modules.py的实现流程如下所示：

1. 初始化：根据不同的编码器需求（文本或图像），选择合适的编码器类并初始化。
2. 数据预处理：对输入数据（文本或图像）进行必要的预处理。
3. 编码：使用编码器对预处理后的数据进行编码，得到嵌入向量。
4. 后处理：对编码结果进行进一步的处理，如应用噪声增强等。

文件modules.py中的类和函数提供了一套完整的工具，用于在深度学习模型中处理和编码文本和图像数据。