- 求 I = lim x → 0 x [ 10 x ] I=\lim \limits_{x \rightarrow 0}x\left[\frac{10}{x}\right] I=x→0limx[x10],其中 [ ] [] []为取整符号
解析:根据
x
−
1
<
[
x
]
⩽
x
x-1<[x] \leqslant x
x−1<[x]⩽x,有
10
x
−
1
<
[
10
x
]
⩽
10
x
\frac{10}{x}-1<\left[\frac{10}{x}\right] \leqslant \frac{10}{x}
x10−1<[x10]⩽x10
于是
{
x
>
0
⇒
10
−
x
<
x
⋅
[
10
x
]
⩽
10
x
<
0
⇒
10
−
x
>
x
⋅
[
10
x
]
⩾
10
\left\{\begin{array}{l} {x>0 \Rightarrow 10-x<x \cdot\left[\frac{10}{x}\right] \leqslant 10} \\ {x<0 \Rightarrow 10-x>x \cdot\left[\frac{10}{x}\right] \geqslant 10} \end{array}\right.
{x>0⇒10−x<x⋅[x10]⩽10x<0⇒10−x>x⋅[x10]⩾10
故可得
I
=
lim
x
→
0
[
10
x
]
=
10
I=\lim \limits_{x \rightarrow 0}\left[\frac{10}{x}\right]=10
I=x→0lim[x10]=10
-
x
=
1
n
(
n
=
2
,
3
,
⋯
)
x=\frac{1}{n}(n=2,3, \cdots)
x=n1(n=2,3,⋯)是函数
f
(
x
)
=
x
⋅
[
1
x
]
f(x)=x \cdot\left[\frac{1}{x}\right]
f(x)=x⋅[x1]的().
A.无穷间断点
B.跳跃间断点
C.可去间断点
D.连续间断点
解析:当
x
→
(
1
n
)
−
x \rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)^{-}
x→(n1)−,有:
1
n
+
1
<
x
<
1
n
,
n
<
1
x
<
n
+
1
\frac{1}{n+1}<x<\frac{1}{n}, \quad n<\frac{1}{x}<n+1
n+11<x<n1,n<x1<n+1
故
[
1
n
]
=
n
[\frac{1}{n}]=n
[n1]=n,所以
lim
x
→
(
1
n
)
−
f
(
x
)
=
lim
x
→
(
1
n
)
x
⋅
[
1
x
]
=
1
\lim _{x \rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)^{-}} f(x)=\lim _{x \rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)} x \cdot\left[\frac{1}{x}\right]=1
x→(n1)−limf(x)=x→(n1)limx⋅[x1]=1
当
x
→
(
1
n
)
+
x \rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)^{+}
x→(n1)+,有
1
n
<
x
<
1
n
−
1
,
n
−
1
<
1
x
<
n
\frac{1}{n}<x<\frac{1}{n-1}, n-1<\frac{1}{x}<n
n1<x<n−11,n−1<x1<n,故
[
1
n
]
=
n
−
1
[\frac{1}{n}]=n-1
[n1]=n−1,所以
lim
x
→
(
1
n
)
+
f
(
x
)
=
lim
x
→
(
1
n
)
+
x
⋅
[
1
x
]
=
n
−
1
n
<
1
\lim _{x \rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)^{+}} f(x)=\lim _{x \rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)^{+}} x \cdot\left[\frac{1}{x}\right]=\frac{n-1}{n}<1
x→(n1)+limf(x)=x→(n1)+limx⋅[x1]=nn−1<1
故
x
=
1
n
(
n
=
2
,
3
,
⋯
)
x=\frac{1}{n}(n=2,3, \cdots)
x=n1(n=2,3,⋯)是
f
(
x
)
f(x)
f(x)的跳跃间断点,所以B正确。