转载自:
https://blog.csdn.net/yudiemiaomiao/article/details/72469135
等待训练结束后(有时还没等结束模型就开始发散了),因此需要检测各项指标(如loss)是否达到了我们期望的数值,如果没有,要分析为什么。可视化训练过程的中间参数可以帮助我们分析问题。 可视化中间参数需要用到训练时保存的log文件:
./darknet detector train cfg/tiny-yolo.cfg tiny-yolo_8000.conv.9 2>1 | tee person_train_log.txt
命令:
tee person_train_log.txt
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保存log时会生成两个文件,文件1里保存的是网络加载信息和checkout点保存信息,person_train_log.txt中保存的是训练信息。
训练log中各参数的意义
Region Avg IOU:平均的IOU,代表预测的bounding box和ground truth的交集与并集之比,期望该值趋近于1。
Class:是标注物体的概率,期望该值趋近于1.
Obj:期望该值趋近于1.
No Obj:期望该值越来越小但不为零.
Avg Recall:期望该值趋近1
avg:平均损失,期望该值趋近于0
rate:当前学习率
在使用脚本绘制变化曲线之前,需要先使用extract_log.py脚本,格式化log,用生成的新的log文件供可视化工具绘图,格式化log的extract_log.py脚本如下:
# coding=utf-8 # 该文件用来提取训练log,去除不可解析的log后使log文件格式化,生成新的log文件供可视化工具绘图 def extract_log(log_file,new_log_file,key_word): f = open(log_file) train_log = open(new_log_file, 'w') for line in f: # 去除多gpu的同步log if 'Syncing' in line: continue # 去除除零错误的log if 'nan' in line: continue if key_word in line: train_log.write(line) f.close() train_log.close() extract_log('person_train_log.txt','person_train_log_loss.txt','images') #voc_train_log.txt 用于绘制loss曲线 extract_log('person_train_log.txt','person_train_log_iou.txt','IOU')
使用train_loss_visualization.py脚本可以绘制loss变化曲线
train_loss_visualization.py脚本如下:import pandas as pd import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt #%matplotlib inline lines =9873 result = pd.read_csv('person_train_log_loss.txt', skiprows=[x for x in range(lines) if ((x%10!=9) |(x<1000))] ,error_bad_lines=False, names=['loss', 'avg', 'rate', 'seconds', 'images']) result.head() result['loss']=result['loss'].str.split(' ').str.get(1) result['avg']=result['avg'].str.split(' ').str.get(1) result['rate']=result['rate'].str.split(' ').str.get(1) result['seconds']=result['seconds'].str.split(' ').str.get(1) result['images']=result['images'].str.split(' ').str.get(1) result.head() result.tail() #print(result.head()) # print(result.tail()) # print(result.dtypes) print(result['loss']) print(result['avg']) print(result['rate']) print(result['seconds']) print(result['images']) result['loss']=pd.to_numeric(result['loss']) result['avg']=pd.to_numeric(result['avg']) result['rate']=pd.to_numeric(result['rate']) result['seconds']=pd.to_numeric(result['seconds']) result['images']=pd.to_numeric(result['images']) result.dtypes fig = plt.figure() ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1) ax.plot(result['avg'].values,label='avg_loss') #ax.plot(result['loss'].values,label='loss') ax.legend(loc='best') ax.set_title('The loss curves') ax.set_xlabel('batches') fig.savefig('avg_loss') #fig.savefig('loss')
修改train_loss_visualization.py中lines为log行数,并根据需要修改要跳过的行数:
skiprows=[x for x in range(lines) if ((x%10!=9) |(x<1000))]
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运行train_loss_visualization.py会在脚本所在路径生成avg_loss.png。
可以通过分析损失变化曲线,修改cfg中的学习率变化策略,比如上图:模型在100000万次迭代后损失下降速度非常慢,几乎没有下降。结合log和cfg文件发现,自定义的学习率变化策略在十万次迭代时会减小十倍,十万次迭代后学习率下降到非常小的程度,导致损失下降速度降低。修改cfg中的学习率变化策略,10万次迭代时不改变学习率,30万次时再降低。
除了可视化loss,还可以可视化Avg IOU,Avg Recall等参数
可视化’Region Avg IOU’, ‘Class’, ‘Obj’, ‘No Obj’, ‘Avg Recall’,’count’这些参数可以使用脚本train_iou_visualization.py,使用方式和train_loss_visualization.py相同,train_iou_visualization.py脚本如下:
import pandas as pd import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt #%matplotlib inline lines =9873 result = pd.read_csv('voc_train_log_iou.txt', skiprows=[x for x in range(lines) if (x%10==0 or x%10==9) ] ,error_bad_lines=False, names=['Region Avg IOU', 'Class', 'Obj', 'No Obj', 'Avg Recall','count']) result.head() result['Region Avg IOU']=result['Region Avg IOU'].str.split(': ').str.get(1) result['Class']=result['Class'].str.split(': ').str.get(1) result['Obj']=result['Obj'].str.split(': ').str.get(1) result['No Obj']=result['No Obj'].str.split(': ').str.get(1) result['Avg Recall']=result['Avg Recall'].str.split(': ').str.get(1) result['count']=result['count'].str.split(': ').str.get(1) result.head() result.tail() #print(result.head()) # print(result.tail()) # print(result.dtypes) print(result['Region Avg IOU']) result['Region Avg IOU']=pd.to_numeric(result['Region Avg IOU']) result['Class']=pd.to_numeric(result['Class']) result['Obj']=pd.to_numeric(result['Obj']) result['No Obj']=pd.to_numeric(result['No Obj']) result['Avg Recall']=pd.to_numeric(result['Avg Recall']) result['count']=pd.to_numeric(result['count']) result.dtypes fig = plt.figure() ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1) ax.plot(result['Region Avg IOU'].values,label='Region Avg IOU') #ax.plot(result['Class'].values,label='Class') #ax.plot(result['Obj'].values,label='Obj') #ax.plot(result['No Obj'].values,label='No Obj') #ax.plot(result['Avg Recall'].values,label='Avg Recall') #ax.plot(result['count'].values,label='count') ax.legend(loc='best') #ax.set_title('The Region Avg IOU curves') ax.set_title('The Region Avg IOU curves') ax.set_xlabel('batches') #fig.savefig('Avg IOU') fig.savefig('Region Avg IOU')
运行train_iou_visualization.py会在脚本所在路径生成相应的曲线图。