【Python 学习笔记】list comprehension with if

how to do list comprehension with if?

List comprehension with an if condition in Python allows you to create a new list by iterating over an existing iterable and including only the elements that satisfy a specific condition. 

Example 1: Simple List Comprehension with if

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

# List comprehension with if condition to select even numbers
even_numbers = [num for num in numbers if num % 2 == 0]

print(even_numbers)  # Output: [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

Example 2: List Comprehension with if and else

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

# List comprehension with if-else to classify numbers as 'Even' or 'Odd'
classified_numbers = ['Even' if num % 2 == 0 else 'Odd' for num in numbers]

print(classified_numbers)  # Output: ['Odd', 'Even', 'Odd', 'Even', 'Odd', 'Even', 'Odd', 'Even', 'Odd', 'Even']

Example 3: Nested List Comprehension with if

matrix = [
    [1, 2, 3],
    [4, 5, 6],
    [7, 8, 9]
]

# Flatten the matrix and select only the elements greater than 4
flattened_and_filtered = [num for row in matrix for num in row if num > 4]

print(flattened_and_filtered)  # Output: [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

Summary:

• With if only: [expression for item in iterable if condition]
• With if and else: [expression_if_true if condition else expression_if_false for item in iterable]
• Nested with if: [expression for sublist in outer_list for item in sublist if condition]

This concise and readable syntax is a powerful feature in Python for transforming and filtering lists in a single line.

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