Nature Communication-Managing energy infrastruture to decarboniza industrial parks in China

Abstract

1. background: industial parks; energy infrastruture-lock in GHG emission
2. Mehthod: two phase study
   • high-resolution geodatabase of enery infrastructure
     • high coal dependence, small capacities, cogeneration of heat and power;
     • reach 4.6 Gt CO2 equivalent
   • a vintage stock model
     • for each unit, tailoring the countermeasurement and analyze cost-benefit
     • GHG mitigation potential reach 8-16% baseline scenario
     • reduction in freshwater consumption,SO2 emission, NOx emissions stand at 34-39%, 24-31% and 10-14%

Introduction

1. Decarbonizaing Chinese industrial parks is key to achieving global sustainability targets
2. Contributions of Chinese industrial parks for GHG still remain unclear
3. Reducing carbonintensity of enery infrastructure is crutial
   • energy infrastructure is respnsible for ~75% GHG direct emission
   • shareably energy infrastucture locked the GHG emission
4. Innovation: few research integrated energy infrasture and industrial parks
5. Aim: modeling the in-use sotcks of energy infrastructure in industrial parks; determing the associated environmental impacts (water consumption and air pollutant)
6. Method:
   • high-resolution geodatabase: coordinates,vintages,capacities,fuel consumption,technologies,efficiencies
   • an integrated assessment model: measure-unit matchmaking;scenario setup;energy efficiency assessment;GHG emission;cost-benefit;LCA

Result

1. Energy infrastructure in Chinese industrial parks
   • heavy coal-dependent: 87% of the stocks were coal-fired
   • large capacities infrastructure (＞300 MW) account for 72% of total capacity but 19% of number; small utilities has GHG mitigation potential
   • siginificant difference among the parks in terms of total capacity(1.2-6.6706)
   • coal fired power utilities were over installed
2. Comprehensive environmental impacts
   • assessing the GHG, fresh water, SO2, NOX emission
   • cumulative GHG emission from the stocks was 46.2 Gt CO2, 11% of the 1.5℃ global carbon budget
   • infrastructure is the key node of metabolism system in industrial parks, linking energy, water, and pollutant
     • most GHG emission were generated from highly developedparks in coastal areas
     • core-fired units emitted 92.3% of total GHG emissions
     • <300 MW contributes to 36% of GHG emission
     • core-fired <300 MW contribute 30% of GHG emission,37% of water consumption,49% of SO2,35% of NOx
3. GHG mitigation potentials and cost effcietiveness
   - proposed five key measures:
   - M1: retrofitting coal-fired boilers to NG fired boilers
   - M2：replacing coal-fired boilers with MSW incinerators
   - M3: retrofitting extraction-condensing or pure condensing turbines to back-pressure turbines
   - M4: replacing small capacity coal-fired boilers with high-capacity units
   - M5: replacing small capacity coal-fired boilers with NGGC
   - GHG mitigation potentials: the comparison between baseline scenarios and six mitigation scenarios
   - the integrated scenario: 10.1%-37.9% reduction of environmental impacts; 4.69 Gt CO2 1.1% of 1.5℃
   - M3 had the most substantial GHG mitigation potential
   - direct and indirect impacts of GHG mitigation