apt-get update 出现 W: GPG error NO_PUBKEY

执行apt-get update 出现如下错误信息：

W: GPG error: http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 40976EAF437D05B5 NO_PUBKEY 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32
W: The repository 'http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease' is not signed.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: GPG error: http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 40976EAF437D05B5 NO_PUBKEY 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32
W: The repository 'http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease' is not signed.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: GPG error: http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-proposed InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 40976EAF437D05B5 NO_PUBKEY 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32
W: The repository 'http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-proposed InRelease' is not signed.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: GPG error: http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 40976EAF437D05B5 NO_PUBKEY 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32
W: The repository 'http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease' is not signed.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: GPG error: http://download.mono-project.com/repo/debian beta InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY A6A19B38D3D831EF
W: The repository 'http://download.mono-project.com/repo/debian beta InRelease' is not signed.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: Conflicting distribution: http://download.mono-project.com/repo/debian beta InRelease (expected beta but got preview)

然后又执行

 apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 40976EAF437D05B5

报错：

root@instance-tbbjrcnc:~# apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32
Executing: /tmp/apt-key-gpghome.PPfL4CDDhf/gpg.1.sh --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32
gpg: failed to start the dirmngr '/usr/bin/dirmngr': No such file or directory
gpg: connecting dirmngr at '/run/user/0/gnupg/d.5j3n6cyiw8t8b6jtickxu8qe/S.dirmngr' failed: No such file or directory
gpg: keyserver receive failed: No dirmngr

安装dirmngr：

root@instance-tbbjrcnc:~# sudo apt-cache search -n dirmngr
dirmngr - server for managing certificate revocation lists
root@instance-tbbjrcnc:~# sudo apt-get install dirmngr

再执行：

apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32
apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com A6A19B38D3D831EF

再apt-get update就好了