业务项目管理_游戏项目管理和业务环境

业务项目管理

Every game project, right from the massive multiplayer game's development having a budget of more than $6 million to small but interesting games (like candy crush), needs to be have a proper business plan.

每个游戏项目，从预算超过600万美元的大型多人游戏开发，到小型但有趣的游戏(如Candy Crush)，都需要制定适当的商业计划。

In case, if you don't have a plan to make profits out of the game or if your game project is not linked to any business venture, there still lies a fine line for identifying - why you are developing the game and what are the goals set for the game's future, your planning. So it can be said that by all means, business side is also important.

万一，如果您没有从游戏中获利的计划，或者您的游戏项目没有与任何商业机构建立联系，那么您仍然可以通过一条细线来识别-您开发游戏的原因以及什么是游戏。为游戏的未来设定的目标，您的计划。 因此，可以说，商业方面也很重要。

项目管理三角 (The Project Management Triangle)

Project Management triangle is a helpful tool to analyze the aim and plan of any game project where the 3 vertices of the triangle stands for:

项目管理三角形是一个有用的工具，可以分析任何游戏项目的目标和计划，其中三角形的三个顶点代表：

1. Budget

   预算

2. Time

   时间

3. Scope

   范围

To get a good business plan in shape you will have to follow some project management procedures to define the requirements of the project along with various other aspects.

为了制定良好的业务计划，您将必须遵循一些项目管理程序来定义项目的要求以及其他各个方面。

Project Management Triangle is one such model, which allows Project Managers to forecast how the project development steps will fair in terms of quality, based on budget, time and scope factors.

项目管理三角就是这样一种模型，它使项目经理可以根据预算，时间和范围因素来预测项目开发步骤在质量方面的公平性。

It helps the project managers to understand the difficulties that may arise during the game project development beforehand during the planning phase, and hence makes the project management better.

它可以帮助项目经理事先在计划阶段了解游戏项目开发过程中可能出现的困难，从而使项目管理更好。

There is a business law in software development and/or game development industry which states that your project can achieve any 2 out of the 3 goals for a project, but there is no way to achieve all the three of them together.

在软件开发和/或游戏开发行业中有一项商业法，其中规定您的项目可以实现一个项目的三个目标中的任何两个，但是无法同时实现这三个目标。

There are some project developers who fail to understand the fact that only two out of the three project triangle properties can be possible at a time, which results in projects missing out on all 3 of these goals! So, we have to keep in mind the fact that we must work towards making our game better in any two of the specified triangle properties and take the third one to a moderately good level.

有些项目开发人员无法理解以下事实：一次只能在三个项目三角属性中只有两个是可能的，这导致项目在所有这三个目标中都错失了！ 因此，我们必须牢记一个事实，我们必须努力使我们的游戏在指定的两个三角形属性中都变得更好，并使第三个属性达到中等水平。

3个约束 (The 3 Constraints)

1. Budget:

   预算 ：

   Every project has a cost attached to it, and its important that the project is completed within the set budget. Some times due to poor project management in the initial development phase, it becomes difficult to finish the project on time. In such cases, extra resources(more developers) are hired to work on the project, which adds to the project cost/budget.

   每个项目都有相关的成本，并且重要的是该项目必须在设定的预算内完成。 有时由于在初始开发阶段的项目管理不善，很难按时完成项目。 在这种情况下，将雇用额外的资源(更多的开发人员)来处理项目，这会增加项目成本/预算。

2. Time:

   时间 ：

   When we work on a project, time plays a very crucial role as deadlines must be met. If project completion is delayed, it directly affects(increases) the budget of the project.

   当我们从事一个项目时，时间起着至关重要的作用，因为必须按时完成任务。 如果项目完成被延迟，则会直接影响(增加)项目预算。

3. Scope:

   适用范围 ：

   Scope of any project is pre-decided in the requirements and planning phase. The project team know about the deliverables of the project before the development phase starts and must finish them within the set deadline. On the other hand, Project Managers must have the capability to handle any change in the requirements/scope which affects time and cost.

   任何项目的范围都是在需求和计划阶段预先确定的。 项目团队在开发阶段开始之前就已知道项目的可交付成果，因此必须在规定的期限内完成。 另一方面，项目经理必须具有处理需求/范围中影响时间和成本的任何更改的能力。

质量 (Quality)

Quality is not one of the three constraints of the project management triangle but it is the ultimate goal. Afterall, every team desires to produce best quality product. Some confuses, quality with cost, stating that, only high cost can lead to high quality product. Which is true to some extent, as without good resources, the overall project can never be successful.

质量不是项目管理三角的三个约束之一，而是最终目标。 毕竟，每个团队都希望生产出最优质的产品。 有些人混淆了质量和成本，指出只有高成本才能生产出高质量的产品。 在某种程度上，这是正确的，因为没有足够的资源，整个项目就永远不可能成功。

使用三角形项目 (Using Project Triangle)

The three sides of the project triangle are represented by one of the three constraints. It has been found by conducting studies and experiments on live projects that it is very rare that a project abides by all the 3 constraints, which means, the project is finished on time, within a set budget and all the deliverables of the project are completed.

项目三角形的三个边由三个约束之一表示。 通过对实时项目进行研究和实验发现，一个项目很少同时遵守这三个约束条件，这意味着该项目按时，在设定的预算内完成并且该项目的所有可交付成果都已完成。 。

In real life, if a project development initiative, assures of achieving deadlines in terms of time and cost, then it will miss out on the scope of the project. Similarly, if a project has to be completed within a set budget with complete scope then it will take more time than decided. And lastly, if you believe in the saying "Time is Money" and wish to finish the development before the time deadline with complete scope, then you will have to put in more resources, which will affect the cost.

在现实生活中，如果一个项目开发计划能够确保在时间和成本上达到最后期限，那么它将错过该项目的范围 。 同样，如果一个项目必须在设定的预算 范围内完成且具有完整的范围，那么它将花费比决定更多的时间 。 最后，如果您相信“时间就是金钱”的说法，并希望在具有完整范围的时间期限之前完成开发，那么您将不得不投入更多的资源，这将影响成本 。

A developer may follow one of the many different application development strategies on the market like Waterfall, Spiral Model, Iterative etc. But none of the listed development techniques and models will magically solve all the problems. You will sooner or later during the project development phase, face the question of how to efficiently manage your project with respect to the business model and the three constraints. The possible outcomes while following the Project Triangle can be:

开发人员可以遵循市场上许多不同的应用程序开发策略之一，例如Waterfall ， Spiral Model ， Iterative等。但是，所列的开发技术和模型都无法神奇地解决所有问题。 您将在项目开发阶段早晚遇到关于如何有效地根据业务模型和三个约束来管理项目的问题。 遵循“项目三角计划”的可能结果可能是：

• On Budget and On Time: means you must accept sacrifice of quality

  按预算和按时：意味着您必须接受牺牲质量

• High Quality and On Budget: means you must accept a late game

  高品质且符合预算：这意味着您必须接受后期游戏

• High Quality and On Time: means you must accept extra spending

  高品质和准时：意味着您必须接受额外的支出

翻译自: https://www.studytonight.com/3d-game-engineering-with-unity/business-context-of-game

业务项目管理