azure_困惑的云和Azure词汇表

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-14 21:17:33 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-14 21:17:33 发布

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原文链接：https://www.hanselman.com/blog/a-cloud-and-azure-glossary-for-the-confused

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Cloud by Karen Ka Ying Wong used under CC via Flicker

A parody Twitter account called Confused .NET Dev last week tweeted:

上周，一个名为Confused .NET Dev的模仿Twitter帐户发布了推文：

For a web hoster Azure has a crazy learning curve: Blob, Table, Queue, Service Bus, Access Control, Drive, CDN, etc @ http://t.co/20Dmz4SoNB
— confused .net dev (@ConfusedDotNet)
对于网络托管服务商，Azure有一个疯狂的学习曲线：Blob，表，队列，服务总线，访问控制，驱动器，CDN等@ http://t.co/20Dmz4SoNB
— confused .net dev(@ConfusedDotNet) August 14, 2013 2013年8月14日

A "crazy" learning curve? CDN? Table? Drive? OK, if you say so, but still, point taken, there's maybe some terms in there that may not be immediately obvious. Here's a few things you should remember when developing for the cloud as well as a small glossary that I hope helps this "confused .net dev" and his or her mixed case Twitter account.

“疯狂的”学习曲线？ CDN？表？驾驶？好的，如果您这样说，但仍然要指出一点，其中可能有些术语可能并不立即显而易见。在为云开发时，这里应该记住一些事情，以及一个小的词汇表，希望对这个“困惑的.net开发人员”以及他或她的混合案例Twitter帐户有所帮助。

云概念 (Cloud Concepts)

国际会计准则(IAAS)

Infrastructure as a Service. This means I want the computers in my closet to go away. All that infrastructure, the boxes, network switches, even software licenses are a maintenance headache. I want to put them somewhere where I can't see them (we'll call it, The Cloud) and I'll pay pennies per hour. Worst case, it costs me about the same but it's less trouble. Best case, it can scale (get bigger) if my company gets popular and the whole thing will cost less than it does now.

基础架构即服务。这意味着我要关闭壁橱中的计算机。所有这些基础设施，设备，网络交换机，甚至软件许可证都是维护的头疼问题。我想将它们放在看不见它们的地方(我们称其为“云”)，我每小时要支付几便士。最坏的情况是，它花了我差不多的钱，但麻烦却少一些。最好的情况是，如果我的公司流行起来，它可以扩展(变大)，并且整个过程的成本将比现在降低。

IAAS is Infrastructure like Virtual Machines, Networking and Storage in the cloud. Software you wrote that runs locally now will run the same up there. If you want to scale it, you'll usually scale up.

IAAS是云中的虚拟机，网络和存储等基础架构。您编写的现在可以在本地运行的软件将在那里运行。如果要缩放，通常会放大。

PAAS (PAAS)

Platform as a Service. This means Web Servers and Web Frameworks in the cloud, SQL Servers in the cloud, and more. If you like Ruby on Rails, for example, you might write software against Engine Yard's platform and run it on Azure. Or you might write iOS apps and have them talk to back end Mobile Services. Those services are your platform and will scale as you grow. Platform as a service usually hides the underlying OS from you. Lower level infrastructure and networking, load balancing and some aspects of security is abstracted away.

平台即服务。这意味着云中的Web服务器和Web框架，云中SQL Server等。例如，如果您喜欢Ruby on Rails，则可以在Engine Yard的平台上编写软件并在Azure上运行。或者，您可以编写iOS应用程序，然后让它们与后端移动服务对话。这些服务是您的平台，并将随着您的增长而扩展。平台即服务通常会对您隐藏基础操作系统。底层的基础架构和网络，负载平衡以及安全性的某些方面被抽象化了。

萨斯 (SAAS)

Software as a Service. Like Office 365, SharePoint, Google Docs or Adobe Creative Cloud, you pay a subscription and you always get the latest and greatest.

软件作为服务。像Office 365，SharePoint，Google Docs或Adobe Creative Cloud一样，您只需支付订阅费用，就可以始终获得最新和最好的。

放大 (Scale Up)

Get more CPUs, more memory, more power. Same computer, but bigger. Like, one 8-processor machine with 128 gigs of RAM, big. Gulliver.

获得更多的CPU，更多的内存，更多的电源。同一台计算机，但更大。例如，一台8处理器的机器具有128 GB的RAM。格列佛

向外扩展(Scale Out)

More computers, perhaps lots of them. Maybe eight 1-processor machine with 2 gigs of RAM. No, maybe 32. More little machines, like Lilliputians working as a team to move Gulliver.

更多的计算机，也许很多。也许是八台1处理器的机器，配备2个RAM。不，也许是32。更多的小型机器，例如小人国团队一起移动格列佛。

计算 (Compute)

If a computer is working for you, its CPU is working and that's compute. If it's a Virtual Machine or a Web Server it doesn't matter. You get charged pennies per hour, more for larger CPUs.

如果计算机在为您工作，那么它的CPU在工作，这就是计算。如果是虚拟机或Web服务器，都没有关系。每小时收取几美分，较大的CPU则更多。

眼压 (IOPs)

Input/Output Operations Per Second, pronounced "eye-ops." This is unit of measurement used to describe the maximum number of reads and writes to a disk or storage area.

每秒输入/输出操作，发音为“ eye-ops”。这是用来描述对磁盘或存储区域的最大读写次数的度量单位。

队列 (Queue)

Just like a Queue in computer science, it's a holding place that lets you store messages and read them back asynchronously.

就像计算机科学中的队列一样，在这里，您可以存储消息并异步读取它们。

内容传送网络(CDN) (Content Delivery Network (CDN))

Taking binary blobs within storage and caching them nearest where the content is request. If your customers are in Asia, serve the file from a data center in Asia.

将二进制Blob放入存储中，并将其缓存到请求内容的最近位置。如果您的客户在亚洲，请从亚洲的数据中心提供文件。

Azure特定词汇表 (Azure Specific Glossary)

网站(Web Sites)

Web Sites are "PAAS," that's platform as a service. It's the IIS Web Server in the sky. This is the "Easy Button" as Jon Galloway says. You can take virtually any website and move them up to Azure using Azure Web Sites. You can run ASP.NET, PHP, node.js and lots more.

网站是“ PAAS”，即平台即服务。是空中的IIS Web服务器。正如乔恩·加洛韦(Jon Galloway)所说，这是“轻松按钮”。您几乎可以访问任何网站，然后使用Azure网站将它们移至Azure。您可以运行ASP.NET，PHP，node.js等。

Azure表与SQL Azure (Azure Table vs SQL Azure)

Azure Tables are similar to a document database or NoSQL store. Then there's SQL Azure, which is SQL Server in the sky. Great for SQL-like data with relationships and indexes, etc. There's Azure Storage Tables which is nice when you have a huge pile of records that maybe doesn't have a lot of interrelationships, but there's a LOT of it.

Azure表类似于文档数据库或NoSQL存储。然后是SQL Azure，即空中SQL Server。非常适合具有关系和索引等类似SQL的数据。当您有大量的记录可能没有很多相互关系时，Azure存储表非常有用，但其中有很多。

访问控制 (Access Control)

Controls Access. Just kidding. No, actually I'm not. Also know as ACS, it's a hosted service that integrates with Microsoft ID, Google, Facebook, Yahoo and other identity providers as well as Active Directory. It supports .NET, PHP, Python, Java, Ruby, etc and you can use it as a centralized authorization store. You can call it with web services from any app and manage users and identities from the portal.

控制访问。开玩笑。不，实际上我不是。也称为ACS，它是一项托管服务，与Microsoft ID，Google，Facebook，Yahoo和其他身份提供商以及Active Directory集成在一起。它支持.NET，PHP，Python，Java，Ruby等，您可以将其用作集中式授权存储。您可以使用任何应用程序中的Web服务对其进行调用，并可以通过门户网站管理用户和身份。

通知中心 (Notification Hubs)

Push notification services for any mobile platform. Windows Store, Windows Phone, iOS and Android. Broadcast messages to a user across apps or send single notifications to a user, a platform or any combination.

用于任何移动平台的推送通知服务。 Windows应用商店，Windows Phone，iOS和Android。跨应用向用户广播消息，或向用户，平台或任何组合发送单个通知。

AppFabric缓存 (AppFabric Caching )

In memory caching for apps that run on Azure. You can use existing memory on web roles or dedicate all of a worker roles memory to in-memory caching.

在Azure上运行的应用程序的内存缓存。您可以使用Web角色上的现有内存，也可以将所有辅助角色的内存专用于内存中的缓存。

流动服务 (Mobile Services)

This is a complete Backend in a Box for apps. This isn’t a great name because it’s not just for mobile devices. It’s a complete backend-as-a-service including authentication and CRUD data access with a dynamic schema in the backend. The services are server-side JavaScript and totally managed for you. Supports iOS, HTML, Windows Phone, Win8, Android, and more.

这是一个完整的后端包装。这不是一个好名字，因为它不仅适用于移动设备。它是一个完整的后端即服务，包括身份验证和后端具有动态模式的CRUD数据访问。这些服务是服务器端JavaScript，并且完全由您管理。支持iOS，HTML，Windows Phone，Win8，Android等。

媒体服务 (Media Service)

Media squishing and delivery in the cloud. Production and transcoding workflow, secure delivery to any device, scale up and down elastically.

云中的媒体压缩和交付。生产和转码工作流程，可安全交付到任何设备，可弹性扩展和缩减。

服务巴士 (Service Bus)

Secure messaging across firewalls and NAT gateways. It also offers relayed messaging services. Most large hosted and reliable systems need messaging services, sometimes request/response, sometimes peer-to-peer, and sometimes one-way.

跨防火墙和NAT网关的安全消息传递。它还提供中继消息传递服务。大多数大型托管且可靠的系统都需要消息传递服务，有时需要请求/响应，有时是对等的，有时是单向的。

X-Plat CLI (X-Plat CLI)

An open source JavaScript-written command line tool for Azure management. With node.js and npm installed go "npm install azure-cli --g" and get a complete management console for Azure that runs on Linux, Mac and Windows.

一种用于Azure管理的开源JavaScript编写的命令行工具。安装了node.js和npm后，请执行“ npm install azure-cli --g”并获得一个可在Linux，Mac和Windows上运行的Azure完整管理控制台。

大数据和HDInsight (Big Data and HDInsight)

Apache Hadoop in the Sky, running on Azure. Hadoop is a giant Java-based MapReduce system for creating data-intensive distributed apps. Azure adds lots to augment with .NET support, LINQ, reporting and more.

天空中运行Apache Hadoop，在Azure上运行。 Hadoop是一个巨大的基于Java的MapReduce系统，用于创建数据密集型分布式应用程序。 Azure通过.NET支持，LINQ，报告等功能增加了很多功能。

斑点 (Blob)

Binary Large Object...it's any binary blob you've put in Azure storage. Throw them in, get them back.

Binary Large Object ...这是您放入Azure存储中的任何二进制Blob。把它们扔进去，让它们回来。

超高清 (VHD )

Virtual Hard Drive. Just like a VHD in Hyper-V or Virtual PC, this binary file represents a complete virtual disk.

虚拟硬盘驱动器。就像Hyper-V或Virtual PC中的VHD一样，此二进制文件表示完整的虚拟磁盘。

Adding more than one disk to a Virtual Machine is a quick and easy way to get more speed for free. For example, if you've got a Virtual Machine running Windows AND a Database like MySQL, you'll have the database application and the Operating System competing for the maximum number of IOPs supported by the disk. Instead, make a new disk and mount it, putting the database on its own drive. This way you've doubled your IOPs with the OS on one drive and the database gets the maximum from its down drive.

向虚拟机添加多个磁盘是一种免费的快速简便方法。例如，如果您有一个运行Windows的虚拟机和一个像MySQL这样的数据库，则数据库应用程序和操作系统将争夺磁盘支持的最大IOP数。而是制作一个新磁盘并挂载它，将数据库放在其自己的驱动器上。这样，您将一个操作系统上的OS的IOP翻了一倍，并且数据库从其向下的驱动器中获得了最大的收益。

驾驶 (Drive )

You can mount an single Azure VHD as a disk drive within a Virtual Machine or you can mount Blob Storage as a virtual drive of its own.

您可以将单个Azure VHD挂载为虚拟机中的磁盘驱动器，也可以将Blob存储挂载为其自身的虚拟驱动器。