udev的支持主要作用是:在驱动初始化的代码里调用class_create(...)为该设备创建一个class,再为每个设备调用device_create(...);
内核中定义的struct class结构体,顾名思义,一个struct class结构体类型变量对应一个类,内核同时提供了class_create(…)函数,可以用它来创建一个类,这个类存放于sysfs下面,一旦创建好了这个类,再调用 device_create(…)函数来在/dev目录下创建相应的设备节点。这样,加载模块的时候,用户空间中的udev会自动响应 device_create(…)函数,去/sysfs下寻找对应的类从而创建设备节点。
下面写一个字符设备测试程序:
- #include <linux/module.h>
- #include <linux/module.h>
- #include <linux/kernel.h>
- #include <linux/init.h>
- #include <linux/fs.h>
- #include <linux/cdev.h>
- #include <linux/device.h>
- #include <asm/uaccess.h>
- #define HELLO_MAJOR 250
- #define HELLO_MINOR 0
- #define NUMBER_OF_DEVICES 2
- struct class *hello_class;
- static struct cdev cdev;
- dev_t devno;
- static ssize_t hello_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t count,
- loff_t *ppos)
- {
- char *str = "hello world";
- copy_to_user(buf,str,strlen(str));
- *(buf + strlen(str)) = '\n';
- return count;
- }
- static ssize_t hello_open(struct inode *inode,struct file *file)
- {
- return 0;
- }
- static const struct file_operations hello_fops = {
- .open = hello_open,
- .read = hello_read,
- .owner = THIS_MODULE,
- };
- static int __init hello_init(void)
- {
- int ret;
- devno = MKDEV(HELLO_MAJOR,HELLO_MINOR);
- if(HELLO_MAJOR){
- ret = register_chrdev_region(devno,NUMBER_OF_DEVICES,"chrdev");
- }else{
- ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, NUMBER_OF_DEVICES, "chrdev");
- }
- if(ret < 0){
- printk("%s register chrdev error\n",__func__);
- return ret;
- }
- hello_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE,"hello_char_calss");
- if(IS_ERR(hello_class)){
- printk("%s create class error\n",__func__);
- return -1;
- }
- device_create(hello_class, NULL, devno, NULL, "chrdev");
- cdev_init(&cdev, &hello_fops);
- cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
- cdev_add(&cdev, devno, NUMBER_OF_DEVICES);
- return 0;
- }
- static void __exit hello_exit(void)
- {
- printk("%s",__func__);
- cdev_del(&cdev);
- device_destroy(hello_class,devno);
- class_destroy(hello_class);
- unregister_chrdev_region(devno,NUMBER_OF_DEVICES);
- }
- module_init(hello_init);
- module_exit(hello_exit);
- MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
- MODULE_AUTHOR("weed<weed_hz@126.com>");
Makefile:
ifeq ($(KERNELRELEASE),)
#KERNEL_DIR:=/lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build/
KERNEL_DIR:=/usr/src/linux-headers-3.2.0-29-generic-pae
PWD:=$(shell pwd)
modules:
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNEL_DIR) M=$(PWD) modules
modules_install:
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNEL_DIR) M=$(PWD) modules_install
clean:
rm -rf .*.cmd *.ko *.o modules.order Module.symvers *mod.c
.PHONY: modules modules_install clean
else
modules-objs := dev.o
obj-m := dev.o
endif
编译模块安装之后会在/sys/class/看到hello_char_class 以及目录内的chrdev,同时也会在/dev下看到udev为我们建立的节点chrdev.
测试程序:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <fcntl.h>
- int main(void)
- {
- int fd;
- int i;
- char buf[50];
- fd = open("/dev/chrdev",O_RDWR);
- if(fd < 0){
- printf("can't open dev\n");
- return -1;
- }
- read(fd,buf,11);
- printf("%s",buf);
- return 0;
- }
测试程序执行后会输出hello world.,