【英语】虚拟语气

虚拟语气

虚拟语气类型

1. 虚拟条件句
2. 含蓄虚拟语气
3. 名词性虚拟条件句
4. 虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用

虚拟条件句

假设类型	if虚拟条件从句	主句	例子
与现在事实相反	did/were	would/should do	if I were you,i would study hard
与过去事实相反	had done	would/should have done	if i had studied hard,i would have passed the English test last semester
与将来事实可能相反	were to do/should do	would/should do	if i were to pass the English test,i would treat you to dinner at KFC

虚拟条件句if的省略形式

定义：在if虚拟条件从句中，如果谓语部分包含were,should,had等词，则可以把这些词放到主语前，省略if.

eg1：

• If she were in charge, she would do things differently.

省略if为：

• Were she in charge, she would do things differently.

eg2:

• If you should change your mind, no one would blame you.

省略if为：

• Should you change your mind, no one would blame you.

混合虚拟条件

定义：当 if 虚拟条件从句和主句的动作发生的时间不一致时，要根据各自表示的时间采用对应的虚拟语气构成形式。
eg1:

• If I had attended the meeting yesterday, I would

省略if为：

• know what happened now.

eg2:

• If you had taken our advice at that time, you would

省略if为：

• not be in trouble now

含蓄虚拟语气

标志词：without, otherwise, but for, but, but that
现在/将来

Without you, I would never know him.

I will be busy in the afternoon, otherwise I would do you the favor!

过 去

But for your cooperation, we wouldn’t have done the work so well.

But that she was afraid, she would have said no.

名词性虚拟语气

定义：在表示命令、建议、要求、愿望、惊叹、重要性时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气

结构：主语＋（should）＋动词原形

• Mother insisted that John (should) go to bed at 9 o’clock.

• It was required that the crops (should) be harvested at once.

• The suggestion that he (should) be invited was rejected.

• Their demand is that their wages (should) be increased.

• It is necessary/important/urgent that S (should) do

虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用

would rather 引导的句子需使用虚拟

解题技巧：表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时。

I’d rather you posted the letter right away.

I’d rather they came tomorrow.

I’d rather you had returned the book yesterday.

wish后的宾语从句

与现在愿望不一致：主语＋过去时

与过去愿望不一致：主语 had done/could have done

与未来愿望不一致：主语 would/could+动词原形

I wish I were you.

I wish I had visited the White House when I was in DC.

I wish I could meet you tomorrow at the party.

If only/as if 所引导的虚拟语气

If only he could come!

If only I had known the answer!

She loves the children as if they were hers.

Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.