使用matplotlib方法在图表中添加辅助元素

1.在坐标轴中添加x轴和Y轴标签

Axes.set_xlabel(xlabel, fontdict=None, labelpad=None, *, loc=None, **kwargs)

示例

1 导入模块

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

2 创建画布，添加数据，绘制图表

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
# 准备数据
x = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, 256, endpoint=True)
y1,y2 = np.sin(x),np.cos(x)
# 绘制图表
ax.plot(x,y1,x,y2)

3 添加标签，x,y轴命名，展示图表

ax.set_xlabel('x轴')     # x轴
ax.set_ylabel('y轴')     # y轴
plt.show()

2.在图表添加标题

语法如下：

matplotlib.pyplot.title(label, fontdict=None, loc=None, pad=None, *, y=None, **kwargs)

示例：

 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
 

plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
 
fig = plt.figure()
 

ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
 

x = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, 256, endpoint=True)
y1, y2 = np.sin(x), np.cos(x)
 

ax.plot(x,y1,x,y2)
 

ax.set_xlim(x.min() * 1.5, x.max() * 1.5)       # 刻度范围
ax.set_xticks([-np.pi, -np.pi / 2, 0, np.pi / 2, np.pi])        # 刻度位置
ax.set_xticklabels([r'$-\pi$', r'$-\pi/2$', r'$0$', r'$\pi/2$', r'$\pi$'])     # 刻度标签
 
 
ax.set_xlabel('x轴')     
ax.set_ylabel('y轴')    

ax.set_title('正余弦曲线展示')
 

plt.show()

3 在图表中添加图例

语法如下：

Axes.legend(*args, **kwargs)

示例：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

fig = plt.figure()

ax = fig.add_subplot(111)

x = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, 256, endpoint=True)
y1, y2 = np.sin(x), np.cos(x)
legend_labels = ['正弦曲线','余弦曲线']
 

lines = ax.plot(x, y1, x, y2)
 

ax.set_xlabel('x轴')
ax.set_ylabel('x轴')

ax.set_xlim(x.min() * 1.5, x.max() * 1.5)        # 刻度范围
ax.set_xticks([-np.pi, -np.pi / 2, 0,  np.pi / 2, np.pi])       # 刻度位置
ax.set_xticklabels([r'$-\pi$', r'$-\pi/2$', r'$0$', r'$\pi/2$', r'$\pi$'])     # 刻度标签

ax.set_title('正余弦曲线展示')
 

ax.legend(lines,legend_labels,shadow=True,fancybox=True)

plt.show()

4 图表中辅助线的绘制

语法：

Axes.grid(visible=None, which='major', axis='both', **kwargs)

示例：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
 

plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

fig = plt.figure()

ax = fig.add_subplot(111)

x = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, 256, endpoint=True)
y1, y2 = np.sin(x), np.cos(x)
legend_labels = ['正弦曲线','余弦曲线']

lines = plt.plot(x, y1, x, y2)

ax.set_xlabel('x轴')
ax.set_ylabel('x轴')

ax.set_xlim(x.min() * 1.5, x.max() * 1.5)        # 刻度范围
ax.set_xticks([-np.pi, -np.pi / 2, 0,  np.pi / 2, np.pi])       # 刻度位置
ax.set_xticklabels([r'$-\pi$', r'$-\pi/2$', r'$0$', r'$\pi/2$', r'$\pi$'])     # 刻度标签

ax.set_title('正余弦曲线展示')

ax.legend(lines,legend_labels,shadow=True,fancybox=True)

ax.grid(axis='y',lw=0.3)

plt.show()