光学实验-偏振光的研究（matploylib）

1.验证马吕斯定律：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# 原始数据
I = [1519, 1503, 1407, 1117, 867, 608, 355, 162, 39,
     0, 50, 183, 386, 622, 863, 1118, 1318, 1444,
     1501, 1447, 1321, 1148, 886, 616, 367, 174, 42,
     0, 52, 193, 391, 632, 888, 1157, 1342, 1495]
a = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, len(I))
a_ = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 10000)
x = (np.cos(a_)) ** 2

# 解决中文显示问题
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['KaiTi']  # 指定默认字体

# 画图
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6))
plt.grid(True)

ax1 = plt.subplot(111)
plt.title("验证马吕斯定律", fontsize=15)

plt.ylim(0, 1600)
plt.yticks(np.linspace(0, 1600, 9))
plt.ylabel('I')

plt.xlim(0, 2 * np.pi)
plt.xticks(np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 9), ['0', 'π/4', 'π/2', '3π/4', 'π', '5π/4', '3π/2', '7π/4', '2π'])

plt.plot(a, I)
plt.plot(a_, x * 1510, "--")

plt.show()

运行结果

实验曲线与标准曲线几乎重合，马吕斯定律得以验证 

2.用1/4波片产生圆偏振光，椭圆偏振光

import matplotlib.cm
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# 原始数据
I1 = [0, 107, 386, 709, 903, 909, 738, 419, 118,
      0, 110, 399, 718, 947, 940, 730, 399, 114]

I2 = [171, 88, 182, 416, 668, 828, 836, 661, 399,
      175, 91, 191, 422, 685, 834, 821, 653, 389]

I3 = [477, 338, 285, 334, 448, 578, 681, 679, 601,
      461, 348, 298, 338, 454, 582, 686, 676, 601]

I4 = [454, 452, 450, 437, 443, 451, 459, 463, 468,
      468, 470, 468, 454, 453, 443, 450, 448, 449]

I_ = [I1, I2, I3, I4]

for i in range(4):
    I_[i].append(I_[i][0])

b = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, len(I4))
np.concatenate((b, [0]))

# 作图
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8))
cmap = plt.get_cmap('gist_rainbow', 4)

for i in range(4):
    ax = plt.subplot(2, 2, i + 1, projection='polar')
    ax.set_title('θ = {}°'.format(i*15))

    ax.plot(b, I_[i], c=cmap(i))

    ax.set_rlim(0, 1000)
    ax.set_rticks(np.arange(0, 1000, 200))

fig.tight_layout(h_pad=0.7)  # 调整子图之间的间距
plt.show()

运行结果

 

 在 1/4波片光轴与起偏器夹角θ=45°时，o光和e光大小相等，形成圆偏振光，其余形成椭圆偏振光。