C++ Primer Plus 代码学习解析（第三章 3.8-3.11）

3.8 floatnum.cpp

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    cout.setf(ios_base::fixed, ios_base::floatfield); 
    float tub = 10.0 / 3.0;     
    double mint = 10.0 / 3.0;   
    const float million = 1.0e6;

    cout << "tub = " << tub;
    cout << ", a million tubs = " << million * tub;
    cout << ",\nand ten million tubs = ";
    cout << 10 * million * tub << endl;

    cout << "mint = " << mint << " and a million mints = ";
    cout << million * mint << endl;
    // cin.get();
    return 0;
}

1. 该函数主要演示了float类型和double类型的验算以及精度
2. 用乘以million的方法使程序显示小数点后六位
3. 从结果来看double的精度要高于float

3.9 fltadd.cpp

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    float a = 2.34E+22f;
    float b = a + 1.0f;

    cout << "a = " << a << endl;
    cout << "b - a = " << b - a << endl;
    return 0;
}

1. 该函数主要探究float类型的精度问题
2. 后缀为f，代表其为float类型
3. b-a结果为0，证明float类型运算精度低

3.10 arith.cpp

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    float hats, heads;

    cout.setf(ios_base::fixed, ios_base::floatfield); 
    cout << "Enter a number: ";
    cin >> hats;
    cout << "Enter another number: ";
    cin >> heads;

    cout << "hats = " << hats << "; heads = " << heads << endl;
    cout << "hats + heads = " << hats + heads << endl;
    cout << "hats - heads = " << hats - heads << endl;
    cout << "hats * heads = " << hats * heads << endl;
    cout << "hats / heads = " << hats / heads << endl;

    return 0;
}

1. 该函数主要探究float类型之间运算的问题
2. ios_base::fixed代表使用定点计数法，如1234.5（与科学计数法相对应，如1.2345e4）
3. ios_base::floatfield代表输出到小数点后6位。
4. 由于float计算精度有限，所以c++只保证6为有效位，所以以下奇怪的结果需要将其四舍五入至六位，如45.509998需看做45.5100

3.11 divide.cpp

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    cout.setf(ios_base::fixed, ios_base::floatfield);
    cout << "Integer division: 9/5 = " << 9 / 5 << endl;
    cout << "Floating-point division: 9.0/5.0 = ";
    cout << 9.0 / 5.0 << endl;
    cout << "Mixed division: 9.0/5 = " << 9.0 / 5 << endl;
    cout << "double constants: 1e7/9.0 = ";
    cout << 1.e7 / 9.0 << endl;
    cout << "float constants: 1e7f/9.0f = ";
    cout << 1.e7f / 9.0f << endl;
 

    return 0;
}

1. 此代码探究不同类型下数字相除的结果
2. 首先是整数部分，9/5得到整数1，小数部分舍弃
3. 之后两行表明，无论是9.0/5.0还是9.0/5，只要有一个操作数是浮点数，结果都为浮点数，这涉及到c++的类型转换，之后也有例子
4. 之后输出表明c++默认浮点常量为double类型，两个都是double类型操作数，运算结果为double，两个都是float，结果为float类型