C++ Primer Plus 代码学习解析（第四章 4.14-4.18）

4.14 address.cpp

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    int donuts = 6;
    double cups = 4.5;

    cout << "donuts value = " << donuts;
    cout << " and donuts address = " << &donuts << endl;
// NOTE: you may need to use unsigned (&donuts)
// and unsigned (&cups)
    cout << "cups value = " << cups;
    cout << " and cups address = " << &cups << endl;
    // cin.get();
    return 0; 
}

1. 该代码指出了指针这一特性，与c语言相同

4.15 pointer.cpp、

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    int updates = 6;        // declare a variable
    int * p_updates;        // declare pointer to an int

    p_updates = &updates;   // assign address of int to pointer

// express values two ways
    cout << "Values: updates = " << updates;
    cout << ", *p_updates = " << *p_updates << endl;

// express address two ways
    cout << "Addresses: &updates = " << &updates;
    cout << ", p_updates = " << p_updates << endl;

// use pointer to change value
    *p_updates = *p_updates + 1;
    cout << "Now updates = " << updates << endl;
    // cin.get();
    return 0; 
}

1. 同样，该代码探究了*运算符和解引用&的用法，与c语言相同

4.16 init_ptr.cpp

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    int higgens = 5;
    int * pt = &higgens;

    cout << "Value of higgens = " << higgens
         << "; Address of higgens = " << &higgens << endl;
    cout << "Value of *pt = " << *pt
         << "; Value of pt = " << pt << endl;
    // cin.get();
    return 0; 
}

1. 与上述代码相同，讲述了指针的应用，int*是一种复合类型，是指向int的指针

4.17 use_new.cpp

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    int nights = 1001;
    int * pt = new int;         // allocate space for an int
    *pt = 1001;                 // store a value there

    cout << "nights value = ";
    cout << nights << ": location " << &nights << endl;
    cout << "int ";
    cout << "value = " << *pt << ": location = " << pt << endl;

    double * pd = new double;   // allocate space for a double
    *pd = 10000001.0;           // store a double there

    cout << "double ";
    cout << "value = " << *pd << ": location = " << pd << endl;
    cout << "location of pointer pd: " << &pd << endl;
    cout << "size of pt = " << sizeof(pt);
    cout << ": size of *pt = " << sizeof(*pt) << endl;
    cout << "size of pd = " << sizeof pd;
    cout << ": size of *pd = " << sizeof(*pd) << endl;
    // cin.get();
    return 0;
}

1. 该代码使用new分别为int和double类型的数据对象分配内存
2. 这两个都是在这两者赋值前进行内存分配的
3. 在分配后，就可以像使用变量一样来使用*pt和*pd
4. 其中new分配的内存在堆区或自由储存区

4.18 arraynew.cpp

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    double * p3 = new double [3]; // space for 3 doubles
    p3[0] = 0.2;                  // treat p3 like an array name
    p3[1] = 0.5;
    p3[2] = 0.8;
    cout << "p3[1] is " << p3[1] << ".\n";
    p3 = p3 + 1;                  // increment the pointer
    cout << "Now p3[0] is " << p3[0] << " and ";
    cout << "p3[1] is " << p3[1] << ".\n";
    p3 = p3 - 1;                  // point back to beginning
    delete [] p3;                 // free the memory
    // cin.get();
    return 0; 
}

1. 该代码介绍了使用new的动态数组的创建以及应用
2. 动态数组可以在运行过程中选择数组的长度
3. 首先是创建的方法：double* p3 = new double 【3】，与之前分配内存相似
4. 之后则是c语言相同的套路，指针即是数组名，+1则指向下一个元素
5. 最后切记要使用delete【】p3来释放之前的内存